NONPROFIT EMPLOYEES' MACHIAVELLIAN PROPENSITIES

Nonprofit organizations are held to high ethical standards due to their charitable missions serving the common good. Incidents of fiscal mismanagement within the nonprofit sector make it relevant to assay the ethical principles of employees. This study examines the level of Machiavellian propensities of US nonprofit employees. Results indicate Machiavellian propensities do exist in certain nonprofit employees and these employees agree with questionable behavior. Policy makers and oversight agencies may find these results useful in developing corporate governance and accountability measures for nonprofit organizations. Furthermore, board of director members may use these results to monitor employee actions and address management training.     

企业文化对员工心理契约的影响机制研究——以某高科技上市公司为例

本文的基本观点是,企业文化是通过影响员工心理契约的形成而发挥作用的。本研究发现,企业文化是员工心理契约形成的更一般性的基础,企业文化的特征将决定员工心理契约的性质。我们认为,员工心理契约是一个平衡结构,员工责任和组织责任在内容和强度上都需要平衡。     

政府业绩计量和报告：一个受托责任观点

受托责任要求政府对公民负责，说明公共资金的筹集和使用。这要求政府对外披露业绩信息以评价其受托责任，对内提供业绩信息以改进决策。本文探讨了受托责任的内涵及其与业绩报告的关系，分析如何计量和报告业绩，并根据我国的实际情况提出了改进我国政府业绩计量和报告的建议。     

企业可持续发展的战略选择：社会责任管理

在经济全球化的背景下 ,社会责任管理是任何一个企业都不能回避的问题 ,它关系到企业的生存和发展。企业应该把社会责任管理作为可持续发展的战略选择 ,并努力构建有效的社会责任管理模式。     

Contemporary University Strategising: The Financial Imperative

This paper examines the financially focused strategies now evident amongst institutions competing for space in the global higher education system. In their search for increasing financial self‐sufficiency, universities and other higher education providers are examined for their primary competitive strategies. The study provides comprehensive evidence of their cost and operating efficiency strategies, facilitated by increasingly pervasive financial performance accountability systems. The primary operational strategies of teaching and research are found to have been transmogrified into strategies of customised education and research that is primarily focused upon and measured in terms of its funds generation. These trends contribute to complex performance management and accountability challenges as universities’ senior managers balance their internal financial ambitions with the expectations of external stakeholders, while simultaneously projecting sanitised imagery through corporate public relations strategies.     

The Impact of the Environment Management Act （EMA） on the Accountability of Companies in Fiji

This study seeks to explore the impact of the Environment Management Act （EMA） （2005） on the accountability of three companies in Fiji. The study uses a multi-case study approach based on three subsidiaries of a conglomerate. Data collection methods include semi-structured interviews with accountants, internal auditors, and environmental officers, document reviews, and content analysis of annual reports and websites of the respective companies. The findings suggest that the EMA （2005） had some effects in terms of engendering accountability on the companies studied. Further evidence suggests that while this increased accountability has led to disclosures in annual reports and websites, these disclosures are minimal at best; furthermore, they primarily address that the stakeholder group comprised government regulatory authorities. The study provides policy implications on how environmental legislations could be designed to improve the accountability of commercial entities in developing economies. The experience and issues highlighted are also useful to other developing economies who are contemplating in developing their own environmental legislations. This paper is one of the few papers that explore the impact of environmental legislations on accountability in a developing economy context.     

城市社区卫生服务发展中的问题与对策

深化医药卫生体制改革要完善以社区卫生服务为基础的新型城市医疗卫生服务体系。通过分析社区卫生服务发展中的主要问题,提出需加强社区卫生服务的宣传力度,加强社区卫生服务人员的教育培训,建立社区家庭医生责任制等方式,带动社区卫生服务可持续发展。     

Are We Sending Mixed Messages? How Philosophical Naturalism Erodes Ethical Instruction

To develop critical thinking skills, higher order ethical reasoning, a better grasp of the implications of ethical decisions, and a basis for ethical knowledge, it is necessary to explore the philosophical premises foundational to one’s ethical persuasion. No philosophical premises are more important than those pertaining to the nature of human personhood and business’ responsibility to respect the inherent value of human beings. Philosophical naturalism assigns the essence of human personhood strictly to causal interactions of physical matter. Substance dualism, on the other hand, posits both a physical aspect and an immaterial substance to personhood, interacting within the totality of each being. This paper argues for the logical superiority of substance dualism in achieving the overriding objective of discerning ethical knowledge. Substance dualism offers a better explanation – and one that more closely follows the way most people commonly experience themselves and others–than naturalism for free agency and accountability, meaningful moral standards, confidence in knowing what ethical decisions to make, and the moral drive residing in conscience. Marjorie J. Cooper (aka Caballero), Ph. D. is a Professor of Marketing in the Hankamer School of Business at Baylor University in Texas. She received her B.A. from Wheaton College in 1970, her M.B.A. from Oklahoma City University in 1977, and her Ph. D. in Business Administration from Texas A&M University in 1981. Her articles have appeared in the Journal of Marketing, Journal of Advertising, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Advertising Research, Journal of Business Research, Psychology & Marketing, Journal of Professional Selling & Sales Management, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Business Horizons, Journal of Promotion Management, Journal of Small Business Management, Human Systems Management, and elsewhere.     

国家治理、问责机制和国家审计

沿着国家治理整体构造、问责机制到国家审计这一逻辑路径,探究国家审计的本质,并解释国家审计差异化的原因.国家治理基本构造可分为四个层次,国家审计本质上属于经济问责,问责对象是政府治理系统中的任务确定及资源配置子系统.在经济问责系统中,国家审计的基本功能是经济问责信息保障机制,由于各国的国家治理整体构造和问责机制不同,因而出现不同国家的审计差异.     

信用评级机构：争议与改革

针对信用评级机构在＂次贷＂危机等一系列事件中的非正常表现,从信用评级机构自身的视角对信用评级提供的信息价值、评级结果公正性和问责机制等争议问题进行剖析,得出以下结论：评级程序和信息来源不透明使得评级结果与事实不符,导致评级信息的价值大打折扣,提高评级透明度是大势所趋;发行人付费模式引发的利益冲突使得评级机构的公正性大受质疑,借着评级程序和信息来源的透明化以及禁止利益冲突的相关规定,加强监管,将有助于评级机构控管利益冲突;美国宪法第一修正案中对言论自由的保护使得评级机构免于民事责任,确立评级机构的民事求偿渠道成为未来的法制改革方向。