Strategizing in industrial networks

This paper provides an overview of the implications for strategizing offered by an industrial network perspective and a comparison of this view with strategic management thinking. We argue that it is crucial for a company to relate its activities to those of other firms in order to enhance its performance, and it is through the continuous combining and recombining of existing resources that new resource dimensions are identified and further developed within business relationships. From the standpoint of a single company, strategizing from an industrial network perspective implies that the heterogeneity of resources and interdependencies between activities across company boundaries, as well as the organized collaboration among the companies involved, must be considered simultaneously.     

不同角色对新农村建设的担忧

本文基于对甘肃、河北、湖南和江苏4省的实地调查,分析总结了各地政府和农民等不同角色对新农村建设所表现出来的不同程度的担忧,并对如何使新农村建设远离误区,顺利进行提出了建议.     

Large agricultural investments in Kenya’s Nanyuki Area: Inventory and analysis of business models

Many experts agree that more agricultural investment is needed in the global South to improve local food security and reduce poverty. However, there is a lack of consensus about the types of investment needed to achieve these goals. This paper contributes to the literature on large agricultural investments and corresponding business models by inventorying and analysing such investments in Kenya’s Nanyuki area. We identify four clusters of business models that differ primarily by type of production and other distinct determinants, namely: demand from markets; access to land; land tenure regime and colonial history; actors involved; biophysical context; labour availability; and governance of the value chain via private standards. The study results shed light on the factors that help or hinder implementation of large agricultural investments and shape their impacts in the context of African land use systems. The way land is accessed represents one of the most-decisive factors determining the risks and opportunities associated with such projects. We find that most investments in the Nanyuki area occur on land bought or leased from private owners.     

Bridging the gap between research and planning practice concerning landscape in Swedish infrastructural planning

A number of government documents provide for the fact that the surrounding landscape is to be considered when any infrastructure is built in Sweden. However, only certain aspects of the landscape are dealt within the various types of documents involved in the planning process. There has been considerable research into landscape, both in Sweden and abroad; unfortunately, however, this research has not been utilized by infrastructure planners. This paper discusses the reasons for this gap between research and planning practice as regards landscape, as well as problems with current infrastructure sector efforts concerning the landscape. Furthermore, the paper proposes ways in which current working methods can be changed by improving knowledge of the character of landscapes, a matter that is a structural element of the European Landscape Convention (ELC).     

A commentary on “The role of actors in combining resources into complex solutions”

This commentary essay summarises and explicates two important observation made by Cantù, Corsaro and Snehota in this special issue and discusses the implications for the future study of managing resource interaction in inter-organisational networks. First, consider the importance of the recognition of the duality of actors’ roles; as providers and users of resources in a combining and recombining systems of change and innovation. Second, the recognition of multiple points of value creation that emerges within the network during the process of combining and integrating resources to create customer solutions.     

建设工程社会结构探析

以社会结构理论的视角,分析了建设工程社会行动者角色,以及行动者间的互动关系,解释分析了建设工程社会中的政府角色定位不清、参与主体地位不平等结构性问题。并针对性地提出了政府职能转变的方向:深化改革,合理分配资源,完善互动规则,建立健全各方利益表达机制等。     

用科尔曼的理论研究企业年金

企业年金是以企业为主体实施的养老保险计划,这种计划有别于政府实施的公共养老金计划,是企业员工福利的组成部分。从人力资本理论的观点看,企业年金通常被认为是延期工资;但是从科尔曼的法人行动者理论的观点看,企业年金是一种社会资本。在多支柱的养老保险体系中,企业年金应该发挥更重要的作用,而不是仅仅作为公共养老金的补充。     

Roles of actors in combining resources into complex solutions

Combining resources to develop complex solutions (e.g., products or services) involves a varied set of business actors. Research tends to assume that actors are more or less autonomous in combining the resources they use. Presenting findings from a study of the construction of the first two pre-discharge homes for patients with cognitive and motor disabilities, we show that the autonomy of the single actor in combining resources is limited and that resource combinations are collectively enacted. Consequently, the features of the emergent resource combinations depend on the set of actors involved. We also argue that each actor takes part in resource combination both as provider and as user of resources; the two roles imply different perspectives that lead to different focal points which, in turn, impact how resources interface. The two roles orient the conduct of parties and, as confronted in business relationships, they shape the development of business relationships and resource combinations.     

区域产业生态系统组织成员间的竞合协同进化研究

从生态学视角来看,在同一区域内相互关联的组织成员构成了区域产业生态系统,对其研究主要是分析该系统内产业组织的演化,即关联成员之间的竞争与合作协同进化。构建了成员竞合协同进化模型,并以两个成员竞合协同进化为例,运用微分方程定性知识以及数值仿真对该模型的稳定性进行分析,所得到的一些结果为模拟以及预测区域产业生态系统的组织结构演化提供了理论依据,有利于进一步揭示在区域产业生态系统中组织成员之间竞争与合作协同进化发展的内在机理。     

A French connection; paths to a ‘new system’ of accounting for the Royal Navy in 1832

This study contextualises the official introduction of double entry bookkeeping in the Royal Navy, in 1832. The objective is to consider how accounting developed and changed through the competing logics of path dependent processes and to provide insights and explanations of those accounting changes in the Royal Navy. An innovative theoretical framework combines the longer-term lens of historical institutionalism with the roles of key actors to investigate change, logic and meaning of accounting in the Royal Navy in the context of financial reforms resulting from governmental investigations. The study is intended to make a contribution to accounting history and theory by means of this extension of historical institutionalism, exploring the options available and the paths taken at critical junctures, as the result of key players and their influence on the practices developed. The study identifies the paths available to the Royal Navy in the adoption of this ‘new system’ of accounting. The paper contributes to the literature on accounting development and change, on military accounting history and on the political nature of accounting in exploring the influences for change.