Types of Word-of-Mouth Messages: Information Search and Credence-Based Services

Word-of-mouth communication (WOMC) has been recognized as a powerful marketing communication medium and a credible information-gathering tool. To date, the various types of WOM messages have not been adequately studied, especially in credence-based services (CBS). Using the individual interview technique, this study fills this gap by describing the three types of WOMC messages in CBS information-gathering. The results contribute to the ongoing development of WOMC theory and also advance management's understandings of the types of WOMC messages in the CBS information-gathering process.     

PBL和CBS结合下的高校计算机基础教学方法创新探析

目的:探讨PBL与CBS相结合的教学模式在高校计算机基础教学中应用的可行性及教学效果。方法:随机抽取2011级医学护理专业专科两个班的学生作为研究对象,其中一个班为传统教学班,另一个为新教学模式实验班。通过对PBL和CBS结合的教学模式应用的尝试,观察教学模式效果。结果:实验班在进行PBL和CBS相结合的教学后,学生的实践操作能力及创新能力比传统教学班显著提高。调查问卷结果显示,大部分学生一致认为PBL和CBS相结合的教学模式能形象的反映知识、激发学习兴趣、培养创新思维方式。结论:在高校非计算机专业实施PBL和CBS相结合的教学方法,对于提升学生的综合素质及创新能力效果显著。     

Incorporating Generalized Marginal Budget Shares in a Mixed Demand System

This article extends a Rotterdam type of mixed demand system by replacing its constant marginal budget shares with the ones derived from originally defined and specified mixed Engel curves that take a generalized functional form using the Box-Cox transformation. An empirical illustration is given for Japanese demand for fresh and processed fruits and vegetables. The results show that the Rotterdam parameterization of marginal budget shares, which corresponds to those in linear mixed Engel curves, is preferred by the data, and that improper assumptions of the form of mixed Engel curves underlying a mixed demand system can bias its elasticities.     

WBS下的收、付款合计预算编制

收、付款合计预算的基础是收款预算和付款预算,收款预算是在项目进度计划的基础上,对主合同金额按照主合同收款条款进行的时间安排,项目的付款可以分为人工费、管理费、分包采购费,而分包采购费预算是项目付款的主要部分,因此,在WBS编码下对项目分包采购费预算是项目收、付款合计预算的核心。     

某SUV车内低频轰鸣声的分析与控制

针对某运动型多用途汽车（sport utility vehicle，SUV）在开发后期路测时出现的车内低频轰鸣声问题，采用测试和计算机辅助工程（computer aided engineering，CAE）仿真分析，提出合理的优化方案。首先，通过激励源、传递路径及响应端的快速排查，确认问题频率和部件为30 Hz尾门的呼吸及外板中间弯曲模态。对标实车测试模态结果，建立仿真分析整车模型，设定车内尾门到主驾的噪声传递函数（noise transfer function，NTF）优化目标值（78 dB），计算NTF及尾门的工作模态变形，从而识别出尾门结构弱点。提出一种复合材料的车身加强件（composite body solutions，CBS）优化方案，即对尾门弱点处内外钣金之间加装复合材料支架提高尾门刚度，使其NTF值达标，其优化效果与加装吸振器一致。且CBS方案增重仅0.4 kg，不影响尾门系统。同时计算CBS方案实施前后钣金等效辐射声功率，结果显示CBS方案在问题频率处声压级下降5 dB左右，验证了其可行性。最后制作了CBS样件并安装，进行实车路况测试与主观评价，整体主观优化明显，评估可接受。工况测试的客观数据显示关键峰值30 Hz附近声压级下降5 dB，验证了方案的有效性。     

Nutrient effects in consumer demand systems: evidence from panel data

This papers aims to analyse the demand for main food groups in Spain. Apart from the traditional economic factors (prices and income), our theoretical framework incorporates the nutrient composition of food into a demand model in the form of food attributes, as a proxy to take into account the rising consumer concern about the relationship between diet and health. A CBS functional form is chosen for the empirical model, which is estimated using a complete panel data set. Ten broad categories, nine nutrients and the most relevant socio-economic variables have been considered. Finally, after employing an appropriate selection strategy, the chosen model is used to calculate expenditure, price and nutrient elasticities, as well as the main socio-demographic effects. Results indicate that the introduction of nutrient-based determinants generates elasticities that differ from those obtained when only economic factors are included, particularly in the case of price elasticities. As the nutrients effect is incorporated in the model through adjusted prices, unhealthier food groups (cereals, white meat and eggs, dairy and sugar) become more inelastic as they are associated with higher perceived prices.