Amazonian indigenous peoples are threatened by Brazil’s Highway BR-319

The Amazon rainforest in Brazil is under the greatest human pressure in its history. This pressure is increasing under the current presidential administration, with proposed retraction of environmental and humanitarian protections. Among these pressures are new hydroelectric dams, railways and highways. An infrastructure project with especially far-reaching consequences is the reopening of Highway BR-319 right through the heart of the Amazon Forest. The highway connects Manaus in central Amazonia to Porto Velho in the “arc of deforestation” on the southern edge of the forest. The highway crosses one of the most conserved parts of the Amazon with a large concentration of Indigenous Lands (“Terras Indígenas”). Although Brazil is a signatory to ILO Convention 169, which establishes the need for consultation with indigenous peoples and traditional communities, consultations have so far not been held. Here we argue for the need for consultation of all indigenous peoples within 150 km of any part of the highway, comprising 63 Indigenous lands and five other areas containing indigenous communities that are directly threatened by the project.     

基于径流路径优化的校园景观海绵化 改造研究——以天津大学青年湖片区为例

校园中以硬质铺装为主的场地能够满足师生日常公 共活动需求,然而集中的不透水地面、屋面会增大场地雨洪压 力。在保证硬质下垫面功能属性的同时,实现雨洪的有效管控 是校园景观海绵化改造的核心问题之一。通过获取高精度的 场地空间数据,构建SWMM概化模型,分析不同暴雨重现期 下不同场景的径流量、峰值流量、峰现时间及不同排水口的流 量变化规律,得出基于径流路径优化的校园景观海绵化改造对 策,即以优化雨水径流路径为导向,适当组织线性GSI措施, 引导产汇流方向,降低场地中有效不透水面积(EIA),减轻场 地雨洪压力。最后结合青年湖片区的景观现状,提出以优化径 流路径为导向的系统化、立体化、适地性、可观赏的校园雨洪 管理模式,对于中小尺度公共空间海绵化改造实践具有实操价 值和指导意义。     

输变电工程电磁辐射环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题及改进措施

输变电工程电磁辐射环境影响评价中公众参与已成为工作的热点问题之一,文章从100多个输变电工程环境影响评价项目中,总结分析了公众参与存在的主要问题,并针对上述存在的问题,提出了输变电工程环境影响评价中公众参与工作的完善措施。     

开采急倾斜煤层沉陷预测实例研究

沉陷预测是煤炭项目环境影响评价中最核心内容之一,其准确性直接关系到生态保护措施的有效性及可行性。急倾斜煤层由于采深变化大、顶底板条件不同,且没有实测的移动变形参数,采用常规概率积分法预测沉陷范围可能出现的偏差较大。以贵州省仁怀保利煤矿环评为实例,依据不同开采时段,分别采用深度积分及等价工作面方法预测沉陷范围。采用该方法对急倾斜煤层作沉陷预测更加符合实际,为其他类似矿井对环境影响评价的沉陷预测提供了参考。     

Not quite paradise: Inadequacies of environmental impact assessment in the Maldives

The Maldives, a Small Island Developing State (SIDS), has seen a rapid development of its tourism industry over the last 35 years with visitor numbers rising from 1062 visitors per year in 1972 through to over 600,000 today. Both in popular conception and reality the Maldives relies on its marine life and beaches to sustain a tourism industry that contributes over 30% of total GDP.     

中美环境影响评价制度比较

对美国环境影响评价制度的产生、发展，体系及公众参与等方面进行了阐述。同时，分析了我国环境影响评价制度的内容，在此基础上对我国环境影响评价制度存在的问题提出了对策建议。     

Regionalism and East Asian economic integration

The wave of economic globalization moves to all the countries in the world to be integrated with multilateralism and by promotion of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization （GATT/WTO）. Meanwhile, the growth of regional economic integration has been one of the major developments in international economic relations, and undoubtedly regionalism is a part of the global economic environment. The objective of the paper is to review the trends and highlight the prospects for enhancing economic integration in East Asia. This paper has argued that the emerging East Asian economies have achieved sustained economic development and poverty reduction through domestic structural, institutional and governance reforms as well as through market-driven integration with the global and regional markets. Though this process was temporarily interrupted by the Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998, the economies have pursued further liberalization and reforms, deepened economic integration through trade, FDI and finance, and regained dynamic growth. The author argues that the reasonable choice for Eastern Asian countries is to deepen their economic integration and the optimal strategy is fostering economic integration with institutional cooperation.     

浅析我国的区域环境影响评价

文章阐述了区域环境影响评价的产生背景、内涵及意义、发展过程及阶段,分析了我国区域环境影响评价的发展现状和存在问题。     

关于区域性规划环评的基本内容和要求

我国环境问题愈来愈严重,要从源头上控制污染,开展区域性规划环评显得十分必要.文章首先梳理了区域性规划环评的概念、特点、背景与意义以及与项目环评的关系;其次,提出了区域性规划环评的目标和主要内容;最后,指出地理学者进行区域性规划环评应该具有的知识准备.     

Perception and use of landscape concepts in the procedure of Environmental Impact Assessment: Case study—Switzerland and Romania

The European Landscape Convention (ELC) defines landscape as “an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors”. Because all aspects linked to landscape are evaluated during the Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) procedure, we assessed the Swiss and Romanian experts’ perception and EIA reports regarding the landscape concept. Therefore, we analysed Swiss and Romanian experts’ perception of landscape, we evaluated concepts and methods used in environmental impact reports to assess landscape characteristics and functions, and how the ELC's aim and objectives are reflected by the EIA reports.The Canonical Correspondence Analysis performed to evaluate the experts’ perception of landscape integration in the EIA procedure showed a significant relationship among pattern of answers and experts’ professional background. Moreover, there is a significant difference between Swiss and Romanian expert's perception. Longer experience in the field and a higher level of education indicates higher awareness of landscape characteristics and properties, which demonstrates that alongside with the initial training, there is a need for developing a coherent long-life learning systems having landscape analysis as a focus.The ELC is familiar to nearly 86% of the Romanian Environmental Impact Assessment actors and nearly 29% of the Swiss experts. By contrast, most of the Romanian EIA reports analysed do not employ many concepts of the ELC, while most of the Swiss environmental reports incorporate objectives of landscape protection consistent with the Convention.Our study relies on the comparative investigation of representative case studies of Environmental Impact Assessment reports for industry, local infrastructures, tourism facilities, and wind farm projects, as well on tracking how the European Landscape Convention is reflected by the EIA reports. We found that EIA reports from both countries evaluate the visual landscape, thus, achieving subjective assessment of landscape aesthetics without focusing on social and ecological sub-systems. Quantitative elements of landscape analysis are mostly absent and it is challenging to evaluate whether environmental assessments are consistent among European Landscape Convention countries.To overcome the abstract way of evaluation of project's impact on landscape through EIA procedure, an improved landscape analysis procedure is needed and we propose developing technical guidelines, under the European Landscape Convention umbrella, in order to enhance landscape management.