高斯型混合双多模噪声模型分析

本文以一类高斯型混合非高斯噪声双模噪声为背景噪声,详细分析了二进制数字调制系统的抗噪声性能。为研究更一般的情形,本文提出了窄带多模过程的数学模型,进行了较详细的研究,给出了混合噪声中信号检测的一般方法,是对原建立在高斯噪声基础上通信与信号处理理论的完善和补充,有一定的普遍意义。在理论分析的基础上,最后给出了仿真结果并进行了分析。     

University licensing

Licensing of university inventions to industry has experiencedrapid, recent growth. This growth is cited as evidence of universitysuccess in technology transfer and it suggests an increasingimportance of universities to innovation systems. Concerns havebeen raised that universities are moving towards applied researchand away from fundamental research in efforts to capture licensingincome. However, figures on growth in licensing perhaps painta misleading picture, given the substantial variation in licensingsuccess across universities, scientific fields, and technologies.The paper is organized around the following questions. Whatis the rationale behind university patenting and licensing?How embryonic are university inventions and how often is furtherdevelopment necessary? What is the record on exclusive versusnon-exclusive licensing? What is the record on licensing revenue?What are university licensing goals? What is the role of facultyafter a licence is signed? Have faculty been diverted from theirtraditional role in research?     

Mechanisms to incentivise shared-use of spectrum

A key concern with the Licensed-shared access (LSA) approach currently being developed by European regulators is that leaving incumbents and secondary users to agree to bilateral arrangements may be insufficient to incentivise an optimal level of sharing.We propose an efficient auction mechanism to incentivise incumbent users to offer shared access to the spectrum they use. The mechanism consists of two stages. In the first stage, LSA licences are auctioned. In the second stage, the incumbent is provided with a choice of either granting access under an LSA agreement to the winner of the auction or not. If the incumbent accepts, its existing licence fee is reduced, whereas, if it rejects, its existing licence fee is increased. The change in the licence fee is such that a rational incumbent always opts to share when it is efficient to do so, i.e. when the cost of sharing is below the value to the secondary user.We also explore how this simple mechanism can be extended to situations in which there is more than one incumbent in a band. Our proposed approach involves package (combinatorial) bidding and linear reference prices.     

Business Ethics Auditing – More Than a Stakeholder's Toy

The explosion of interest in responsible corporate citizenship since 1995 has reminded many of the earlier rapid development of interest in environmental management issues. Active stakeholders and lobby groups have successfully exerted pressures on management for improved corporate behaviour. The paper looks at some recent initiatives and draws conclusions about the imprecise terminologies in use. It moves on to consider tools to better manage business risk exposures within the corporation. The example of the Business Ethics Strategic Survey is described, together with the attendant benefits it can deliver to company chairmen, Audit Committees and investment fund managers.     

Dynamic usage of narrowband spectrum

We examine the potential for expansion of the white space spectrum sharing model in the 400 MHz band. As opposed to UHF broadcast spectrum, which contains unassigned or idle segments known as white spaces, the 400 MHz band is characterised by intensive licence usage. However, productive spectrum usage does not guarantee allocative efficiency, which would require knowledge of the highest value service for each licence. 400 MHz frequencies are not priced on opportunity cost. It is therefore difficult to ascertain the economically efficient mix of services to deploy in the 400 MHz band. Drawing parallels with the high-economic value revealed and generated through the operations of unlicensed white space devices in UHF broadcast spectrum, we identify untapped 400 MHz spectrum capacity, which we refer to as narrowband spaces. Encouraging dynamic spectrum usage of narrowband spaces could, similarly to TV white space usage help realise the efficient allocation of the 400 MHz band. However, the narrowband nature of the 400 MHz licences and high licensing turnover imply a significantly different concept of dynamic spectrum access than that considered for TV Bands. The paper discusses regulatory implications and the type of services suited to exploit narrowband spaces.