开发我国黄磷的高科技后续产品势在必行

我国当前黄磷生产产品过剩,生产企业严重亏损,为扭转这一状况,本文就其后续产品的品种和开发,以及调整磷化工布局情况作了阐述.     

Reducing nutrient loads from dairy farms: a bioeconomic model with endogenous feeding and land use

Growth trends of animal farming pose a threat to water quality around the world. To find cost‐efficient means to reduce nutrient loads from agriculture, detailed information on the abatement measures need to be incorporated in bioeconomic models. This study presents a theoretical framework that covers both animal and crop operations on farms. It describes the farmer decision making problem and incorporates nonlinear functions to capture the economic and biological aspects of the problem. The model is applied to Finnish dairy farms. The abatement cost functions are derived for nitrogen and phosphorus. Results indicate that abatement measures on fields should precede dietary changes.     

A field experiment to estimate the effects of anchoring and framing on residents’ willingness to purchase water runoff management technologies

Watersheds throughout the world have been severely polluted by nutrient-laden runoff that comes from industrial, agricultural, and residential sources. Efforts to reduce this runoff have focused on industrial and agricultural sources, while little attention has been paid to encouraging residents to reduce runoff from their properties. To study residents’ willingness to adopt landscaping practices that reduce runoff, we conducted a field experiment in the Delaware River watershed. In the experiment, over three hundred adults participated in a series of random-price auctions that revealed their willingness to pay (WTP) for five products that reduce nutrient runoff. To study how WTP can be influenced by attributes of the choice architecture, we randomized the starting bid values (anchors) and the way in which the external benefits of the five practices were framed. Compared to a neutral framing, a positive framing (using the product can improve water quality) increased average WTP by about one-third, while the estimated effect of a negative framing (failing to use the product can worsen water quality) was also positive, but smaller and not statistically different from zero. The estimated effect on average WTP from the anchor depends on how bids of $0 are modeled, but the results imply that higher anchors lead to higher WTP. Although we believe the magnitudes of our results should be considered suggestive and we recommend replications with higher statistical power, the results add to the evidence base that environmental programs can achieve policy-relevant gains in program performance through a series of small changes to the decision environment.     

松花江河滨湿地N、P净化功能研究

湿地通过植物吸收、湿地底泥的截留吸附和微生物降解来净化农田径流中携带的N、P污染。农田退水期湿地中的N、P含量最大,流经湿地的农田径流,5月TP和TN含量下降到0.022mg/L和0.95mg/L,7月TP和TN含量下降到0.024mg/L和0.93mg/L;不同群落对N、P的吸收净化能力有所不同,修氏苔草群落在5月植物样品中的TP和TN含量分别为9.20mg/L和18.00mg/L,7月植物样品中的TP和TN含量分别为10.65mg/L和19.35mg/L均高于其它植物样品;修氏苔草群落在5月湿地底泥样品中的TP和TN含量分别为0.26mg/L和1.16mg/L,7月湿地底泥样品中的TP和TN含量分别为0.21mg/L和1.06mg/L均低于其它湿地底泥样品,修氏苔草群落对N、P的阻控能力明显高于其它群落。     

分光光度法测定铁矿石中的二氧化硅和五氧化二磷

试样经碳酸钠、硼酸和四硼酸钠混合助溶剂碱熔,硝酸酸化定容后,以铋磷钼黄分光光度法测定五氧化二磷;在草酸存在下,以硫酸亚铁铵为还原剂,硅钼蓝法测定二氧化硅,本方法操作简单、快速,具有较好的精密度和准确度。     

钼蓝光度法测定钼铁中磷量的不确定度评定

按照国家标准GB/T5059.6-2007中的方法Ⅱ进行钼铁中磷含量的测定,对测定过程中产生不确定度的原因进行分析,并对测量结果的不确定度进行评定。该方法测定磷量的扩展不确定度U=0.002%,置信区间为95%。     

从“中国绿色磷都”的打造看资源型城市的发展转型——开阳县生态文明建设的调查与启示

生态文明是人类在发展物质文明过程中保护和改善生态环境的成果,它表现为人与自然和谐程度的进步和人们生态文明观念的增强.提出建设生态文明,不论对于实现以人为本、全面协调可持续发展的目标,还是对于改善生态环境、提高人民生活质量,实现全面建设小康社会的目标都至关重要.资源型城市作为生态文明的一种具体形式,面临着既要求生存又要求发展,既要开发资源又要保护资源,既要发展经济又要保护环境的困境.怎样从发展循环经济起步,走出一条突破传统发展模式的生态文明建设之路一直是社会关注的热点.探讨如何解决好这一问题,对于资源型城市寻求突破发展制约、实现发展转型的方略具有重要的意义.