A product Pareto distribution

The Pareto distributions are becoming increasing prominent in several applied areas. In this note, a new Pareto distribution is introduced. It takes the form of the product of two Pareto probability density functions. Various structural properties of this distribution are derived, including its cumulative distribution function, moments, mean deviation about the mean, mean deviation about the median, entropy, asymptotic distribution of the extreme order statistics, method of moments estimates, maximum likelihood estimates and the Fisher information matrix. The calculations involve the use of several special functions.     

基于量子粒子群算法的连杆机构的优化设计

粒子群算法是一种基于鸟群的智能优化方法,量子粒子群算法是对粒子群算法进行改进的算法,运算规则简单,收敛速度快,变量少,易于编程实现。对于多目标、多约束条件的四连杆机构优化设计,本文提出了一种基于量子粒子群算法求解的设计方法。经过仿真实践,能够有效求解,是求解四连杆机构优化问题的一个较好方案。     

脉冲宽度对量子定位测量精度的影响

基于光量子和全球定位系统的理论,设计了HOM相干和量子空间定位的实验方案。讨论了在脉冲激光作用下,第II类参量下转换所产生的纠缠双光子的光谱特征、对应的HOM相干函数特点以及对量子定位的影响。结果表明,随着脉冲宽度的增加,纠缠双光子的光谱函数的不对称性增强、量子相干性减弱,量子定位的测量精度降低。     

颜色是光的波粒二象性在复频域的映射

本文从光的电磁波谐波时域函数及光子动量公式出发,推导出光色映射复频谱颜色表达式（二维平面函数）。通过公式得出,矢径与光的量子数有关,位相角与光的频率有关。通过分光光度计测量出色光的反（透）射率,经过计算得到复频谱矢端函数,在二维复平面上对矢端函数积分整合,给出表征颜色性能的色相、色强度、亮度、色饱和度及主波长等颜色特征数值,从而为进一步解析颜色奠定基础。     

Global catastrophic risk and security implications of quantum computers

With advancements in quantum computing happening almost weekly it is time to examine the effects this new technology will have on society and current computational systems. Specifically, cryptographic systems need to be carefully analyzed since the introduction of quantum computational resources would render discrete logarithm and factoring based cryptographic systems like those based on Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithms woefully obsolete. These algorithms are widely used in the form of digital certificates, message encryption, and even physical authentication devices like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) badges. With this technology compromised by quantum computing, governments and other organizations would be able to eavesdrop on private citizens with relative ease. This has the potential to cause a slew of rights violations and atrocities leading to catastrophe. With compromised digital certificates 3rd parties could masquerade as trusted organizations. This would call many types of digital transactions like into question, including those related to stock exchanges, personal banking, and software verification. By eroding this previously solid foundation of trust global scale economic catastrophes are not out of the question. This paper introduces quantum computing to the study of catastrophic threats since the use of quantum technology while existing vulnerable encryption schemes are still in place raises severe safety issues. These issues are addressed here along with a proposed two-fold solution involving the development and maturation of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms coupled with government and international regulation. This regulation would promote the containment and responsible use of quantum computers in order to help alleviate some of the security issues posed by outdated cryptographic systems in a post-quantum environment.     

A Novel Method for Solving Unbounded Knapsack Problem

Knapsack problem is one kind of NP-Complete problem. Unbounded knapsack problems are more complex and harder than general knapsack problem. In this paper, we apply QGAs （ Quantum Genetic Algorithms） to solve unbounded knapsack problem and then follow other procedures. First, present the problem into the mode of QGAs and figure out the corresponding genes types and their fitness functions. Then, find the perfect combination of limitation and largest benefit. Finally, the best solution will be found. Primary experiment indicates that our method has well results.     

Statistical Inference under Symmetry

We explore the consequences of adjoining a symmetry group to a statistical model. Group actions are first induced on the sample space, and then on the parameter space. It is argued that the right invariant measure induced by the group on the parameter space is a natural non-informative prior for the parameters of the model. The permissible sub-parameters are introduced, i.e., the subparameters upon which group actions can be defined. Equivariant estimators are similarly defined. Orbits of the group are defined on the sample space and on the parameter space; in particular the group action is called transitive when there is only one orbit. Credibility sets and confidence sets are shown (under right invariant prior and assuming transitivity on the parameter space) to be equal when defined by permissible sub-parameters and constructed from equivariant estimators. The effect of different choices of transformation group is illustrated by examples, and properties of the orbits on the sample space and on the parameter space are discussed. It is argued that model reduction should be constrained to one or several orbits of the group. Using this and other natural criteria and concepts, among them concepts related to design of experiments under symmetry, leads to links towards chemometrical prediction methods and towards the foundation of quantum theory.     

Risk,Issue and Crisis Management

Abstract

The differences between crises and disasters are generally not well understood, which often results in mismanagement turning disasters into crises. Mismanagement falls into three areas: Flawed theories and models, faulty preparation, and flawed execution. The author, a veteran of numerous high-profile issues and crises, presents original analysis and new theoretical models based on recent scientific findings about human behavior. He argues that the most important thing to remember in a crisis situation is that the greater the stress, the greater the traditional rules of success change. The best way to prevent most crises from erupting requires intensive crisis as opposed to disaster planning, and being cognizant about how stress distorts systems and relationships.     

三大密码体制:对称密码、公钥密码和量子密码的理论与技术

为了获取科学技术进步的动态利益,应该把实现农产品对外贸易的快速增长、促进农业生物技术产业的健康发展、规避对生物多样性和生态环境构成的潜在风险和威胁以及维护消费者的知情权和选择权作为我国转基因农产品国际贸易的政策目标。然而,转基因农产品国际贸易的政策目标也可能存在某种程度上的不相容问题,如促进农业生物技术产业的健康发展与规避对生物多样性和生态环境构成的潜在风险和威胁。为此,笔者建议,在目标不相容状态下进行我国转基因农产品贸易政策的选择应遵循如下原则,即在规避对生物多样性和生态环境构成的潜在风险和威胁以及维护消费者的知情权和选择权的基础上,实现农产品对外贸易的快速增长,最大限度地促进农业生物技术产业的发展。     

Quantum Artificial Intelligence: A “precautionary” U.S. approach?

Quantum Computing (QC) and Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) are two powerful new technologies whose potential impacts are just starting to be appreciated. As important as they are likely to be, their implications are still little known. This article's purpose is an attempt to provide a policy space within which to begin fill that void.It presents a non-technical introduction to the concept of quantum mechanics in general, to the unique characteristics of sub-atomic particles, to quantum applications, and to QC and QAI in particular. The development of fully functioning quantum information technologies is in its early stages, but is being pursued aggressively. One of the most salient of these is Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) – a fusion of QC and AI -- which some see as potentially threatening. There is little in established telecommunications or information policies to inform our approach to its capabilities.The article notes some of the challenges to development of quantum-based information technologies and considers the scope of global competition to the U.S. in this field, especially from China. It reviews the treatment of “Quantum Information Science” in U.S. policy. It describes the current policy environment and the range of new measures which might be available, if needed, to incorporate QAI into an overall information policy regime.In conclusion the article reviews the debate over adoption of the “precautionary principle” for QAI, an approach to policy when it must deal with weakly understood causes of potentially catastrophic or irreversible events. It sets out the arguments pro and con, and in the absence of an immediate resolution proposes adoption of a policy space in which stakeholders can address their salient concerns, without materially impairing technological progress and commercial viability.