农业保险属性与政府补贴理论探析

作为准公共物品的农业保险的外部性导致市场机制不能对农业保险资源进行有效配置,保障农业保险的有效供求,从而导致我国农业保险目前的发展困境。农业保险市场机制失灵为政府干预,建立政府补贴型的政策型农业保险制度提供了理论依据,但过度的政府干预和高额政策补贴不仅不能解决市场失灵,反而会产生一系列的负面效应,扭曲市场机制的资源配置功能,降低资源配置效率。因而单纯地依靠市场机制的自发作用或政府干预都不能有效解决目前我国农业保险所面临的问题,关键还在于能否有效地把市场调节和政府干预有机地结合起来,合理界定两者的关系,使二者能达到最优配置,更加公平并富有效率。     

Price competition between green and non green products under corporate social responsible firm

This article deals with a newsvendor inventory model in light of green product marketing of corporate social responsible firms. In this model, comparison between green and non green marketing is analyzed including subsidy and tax implementation by Government where the Government offers higher subsidy and lower tax to the green producer unlike the lower subsidy and higher tax to the non green producer. There is also price contest between green and non green producer as the demands of the products are dependent on sales price, carbon emission and corporate social responsibility index. Assuming the cost and profit parameters, an expected profit function of the systems is formulated and maximized analytically. Finally, numerical examples are illustrated to justify the proposed model.     

宁夏政府医疗补助的受益归属

目的 测算宁夏不同收入人群医疗补助受益水平及公平性.方法 采用受益归属分析法测算补助受益分布,集中指数和Kakwani指数法分析其受益公平性.结果 宁夏人均财政医疗卫生支出呈逐年上涨趋势.最低组人群平均受益额高于最高组.2016年和2018年门诊和与住院的集中指数与Kakwani指数为负值,公平性较好,具有累进性.结论...     

后补贴时代中国新能源汽车产业发展研究

2019年3月,四部委公布新一轮新能源汽车补贴政策,相比2018年标准平均退坡超50%。自政策公布之后,国内新能源汽车市场环境发生巨变,新能源汽车销量增长明显放缓,部分新能源汽车及零部件企业经营困难甚至倒闭,加之以特斯拉为首的外资新能源汽车企业陆续在华设厂投产,使国内新能源汽车市场竞争加剧,下行压力增大,新能源汽车产业正式进入后补贴时代,在此背景下,需要政府部门、相关企业重新评估市场现状,制定新的新能源汽车产业发展战略和路径,推动产业持续健康地发展。     

Growth and welfare effects of stabilizing innovation cycles

We consider a simple model of innovation where equilibrium cycles may arise and show that, whenever actual capital accumulation falls below its balanced growth path, subsidizing innovators by taxing consumers has stabilizing effects, promotes sustained growth and increases welfare. Further, if the steady state is unstable under laissez faire, the introduction of the subsidy can make the steady state stable. Such a policy has beneficial effects as it fosters output growth along the transitional adjustment path, and increases the welfare of current and future generations.     

政府补助、产权性质与债务融资效应实证检验

笔者以2008年~2011年沪深两市上市公司数据为样本,研究政府补助的债务融资效应,结果发现政府补助作为一种积极信号能显著增加企业的银行信贷资金规模,而且这种效应在民营企业比在国有企业更为显著。政府补助同时也能显著降低企业的信贷融资成本,国有产权性质能强化这一功能,从而导致政府补助降低融资成本的作用在国有控股企业比在民营企业更为突出。     

The impact of decoupled subsidies on productivity in agriculture: a cross‐country analysis using microdata

The decoupling of direct payments from production introduced in the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy is expected to make production decisions more market‐oriented and farmers more productive. However, ex‐post analyses of the productivity of farms have yet to uncover any evidence of a positive impact of the decoupling policy on farm productivity. Using Irish, Danish, and Dutch farm‐level data, we identify whether the decoupling policy has contributed to productivity growth in agriculture and farm product adjustment behavior. We find some evidence that the decoupling policy had significant positive effects on farm productivity and behavioral changes related to farm specialization.     

不同融资约束情景下政府补助与企业成长——基于政府补助相关性分类视角

政府补助按照相关性分为收益性政府补助与资产性政府补助,在不同融资约束情景下,两类政府补助对企业成长影响存在差异,基于此,选取中小板上市企业2011-2017年样本数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明,收益性政府补助对企业短期成长具有促进作用,对企业的长期成长无显著影响;资产性政府补助对企业长期成长具有促进作用,对企业的短期成长无显著影响。随着融资约束程度逐渐提高,收益性政府补助与资产性政府补助对企业成长的促进作用逐渐减弱,融资约束对企业成长的抑制作用明显增强。     

R&D补贴、专利行为与战略性自主创新政策

企业的自主创新能力和国际竞争力对一个国家的创新能力和竞争力起着决定性的作用,而度量企业创新能力的重要指标是企业的专利行为。通过分析我国近些年来政府对企业的R&D补贴和企业的专利行为,提出了政府在实施战略性自主创新政策时需要考虑的因素以及政府在实施战略性自主创新政策中应采取的政策措施。     

美国农业补贴体系的构建与借鉴

本文结合美国农业新政的发展动向,详细分析了美国农业补贴政策体系的内容。我国应借鉴美国的成功经验,适时调整农业补贴方式的制度设计和补贴结构。