Joint outputs and real wage rates

The magnification effect in standard international trade theory asserts that if the relative price of the labor-intensive commodity increases, the real wage will also increase, as will the wage/rental ratio. This result depends upon the assumption that both activities are nonjoint—each combining labor and capital to produce a single output, so that if activities are joint instead, the results are in jeopardy. It is shown that if the difference between the share of commodity one produced in the first activity and in the second activity exceeds the difference between the labor distributive shares in the first activity and the second, an increase in commodity 1's relative price raises the wage/rental ratio. The real wage unambiguously rises in this case if and only if the ratio of the commodity output shares in the two activities exceeds the ratio of labor shares.     

TFP growth in Chinese cities: The role of factor-intensity and industrial agglomeration

This article estimates agglomeration effects via calculating EG (Elilsion & Glaeser) and TFP growth (Total Factor Production) by considering the undesired output of the industrial enterprise database and the entropy weight method. Using panel data of 207 county-level cities in China and 28 two-digit manufacturing industries from 2003 to 2013 based on SIC codes, this paper analyzes the relationship between agglomeration and TFP growth through the smooth transition model under different regions and factor-intensity. The results are as follows. (1) A negative relationship appears in manufacturing productivity. The agglomeration effect changes to the crowded effect. Environmental pollution is also generated by transportation and inadequate pollution treatment technology. (2) The excessive agglomeration phenomenon of developed areas (eastern region) is less than the less developed areas (central and western regions). (3) Resource-intensity industries present two thresholds that indicate complex regional features. For various intensive industries in different regions, the relationship between GML and agglomeration is different. High agglomeration does not always promote TFP growth. (4) At different levels of urban industrial agglomeration, the influences of efficiency change and technical change on GML are different. Overall, moderate agglomeration in all regions helps promote economic development.     

Productivity Growth, Efficiency and Outsourcing in Manufacturing and Service Industries

This paper is a survey of recent contributions to, and developments of, the relationship between outsourcing, efficiency and productivity growth in manufacturing and services. The objective is to provide a thorough and up–to–date survey that provides a significant discussion on data, as well as on the core methods of measuring efficiency and productivity. First, the readers are introduced to the measurement of partial and total factor productivity growth. Different parametric and non–parametric approaches to the productivity measurement in the context of static, dynamic and firm–specific modelling are discussed. Second, we survey the econometric approach to efficiency analysis. The issues of modelling, distributional assumptions and estimation methods are discussed assuming that cross–sectional or panel data are available. Third, the relationship between outsourcing and productivity growth in manufacturing and services is discussed. The correspondence between a number of hypotheses and empirical findings are examined. Examples of varieties of relevant empirical applications, their findings and implications are presented. Fourth, measurement of inputs and outputs in manufacturing and services are discussed. Finally, to promote useful research, a number of factors important to the analysis of outsourcing, efficiency and productivity growth in the service sector are summarised.     

基于DEA的绿色经济增长核算:以中国地区工业为例

本文构建基于DEA的绿色经济增长核算模型,将考虑非期望产出的劳动生产率变化分解为技术效率变化、技术进步和资本深化。中国地区工业的经验分析表明,与发展水平无关且省际差异大的技术无效率普遍存在;各省工业增长的首要源泉是资本深化,其次是技术进步主导的全要素生产率进步;各省工业劳动生产率增长差异主要源于资本深化差异,其次是技术效率变化差异主导的全要素生产率进步差异;如不考虑非期望产出,会低估资本深化对经济增长的贡献,高估技术进步的贡献,而技术效率变化的贡献可能被高估、低估或无影响。     

A multiproduct Symmetric Generalized McFadden cost function

This paper introduces a flexible multiproduct cost function that permits zero values of one or more of the outputs and can impose restrictions quite easily, if not automatically satisfied, to ensure global concavity property. It satisfies linear homogeneity (in prices) property and is flexible in the output space. Thus the function is ideal for estimating, for example, economies of scope, cost complementarity, product-specific returns to scale, etc., without worrying about zero values of output(s) and extrapolations to points far from the point of approximation. As an empirical application, we use panel data (1978–1985) on 12 Finnish foundry plants to estimate technical progress, overall returns to scale, product-specific returns to scale and economies of scope.     

基于SSBM-ESDA模型的安徽省县域农业效率时空演变

以绿色农业发展为导向,选择农业碳排放作为非期望产出指标,采用超效率的SSBM模型和探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)相结合的方法,以县域单元为尺度对2000-2017年安徽省农业效率水平、空间格局及其演变趋势进行实证分析。研究发现:①传统DEA模型忽视了农业碳排放等非期望产出的负面效应,从而高估农业资源利用的实际状态,基于超效率的SSBM模型更符合实际情况,能较好地识别各评价单元之间的优劣关系。②研究期内,安徽省农业效率值呈波动式上升态势,但总体上处于效率中等水平,农业效率空间分布不均衡,呈现出皖南地区>皖中地区>皖北地区的空间分布格局;空间变化趋势呈现自西向东递增、自北向南U型增长的变化态势,南北差异的增大是安徽省县(市、区)农业效率差异增大的主导因素。③除2010年外,安徽省农业效率呈正相关,空间差异有所缩小,但空间集聚程度相对较弱;安徽农业效率HH集聚县区集中分布于皖南地区,且呈现出向周边县区扩散的态势,LL型县(市、区)则主要分布在皖北地区,且空间分布较为稳定。④研究期内,安徽省农业效率空间正相关的县(区)数量有所增加,表明该时间段内安徽省农业效率空间上进一步集聚,LL型集聚的皖北地区应当是安徽省农业发展关注的重点。     

科技计划项目与专利产出的相关性研究——基于C市的案例分析

分析科技计划项目与专利产出的相关性,有利于优化科技计划项目、提高科技投入绩效。研究表明,科技计划项目有效支撑了区域专利产出水平,尤其是优势产业项目、企业项目和重大项目的专利产出尤其突出。应从优化科技管理体制、提高项目支持力度、完善项目管理、积极扶持中小企业等方面入手,进一步提高科技计划项目的专利产出水平。     

Measurement and its Uses: Harmonization and Quality in Social Statistics

The European construction has induced a strong demand of harmonization of statistics of the various countries. The latter can be focused on an harmonization of outputs , already practised for a long time by national accountants: the statistical variables are defined in common, then each country measures them according to its own means. On the other hand, the harmonization of inputs, more ambitious, seeks a standardization of all the construction process and data collection. This leads to distinguish clearly the two moments of use and of production of economic and social statistics. Now the same distinction is made in the debates over the notion of quality of statistics, which contrast the quality of the product with the one of the process. This quality cannot be judged independently from the expected uses of these statistics and of their form of social credibility. From this point of view, the various harmonization levels are compared with the various forms of connection and convertibility between the national currencies.     

高校辅导员不良情绪行为的自我管理

受一些现实与心理因素的影响，部分高校辅导员对学生产生了一系列不良情绪与行为；这些不良情绪与行为会促使学生产生不良的自我概念。辅导员的不良情绪与行为的真正原因，是他们对诱发性事件不正确的解释与评价，即“不合理信念”。辅导员应学会自我诊断，挖掘不合理信念，合理自我分析，并培养情绪分析习惯，以实现辅导员对自身不良情绪与行为的自我管理。     

从文献计量分析看1981—2011年全球系统动力学研究

系统动力学作为一个研究复杂反馈系统的研究领域,在20世纪80年代以后得到了较为广泛的传播和较快发展。以美国科学引文索引数据库扩展版(SCI-Expanded)和社会科学引文索引数据库(SSCI)收录发表于1981—2011年间的976篇系统动力学论文为研究对象,对这些论文的产出规模、地域分布、学科分布、知识基础等方面进行了计量分析。结果显示,30余年来,全球系统动力学成果产出逐渐丰富,理论研究与应用研究得到积极推进,与众多学科联系紧密,各国科研投入力量在不断加强,同时也反映出,美国系统动力学研究在全球一枝独秀。