经济增长、要素投入与发展战略选择——对我国经济增长的长期机制的实证分析

中国经济增长的长期机制问题一直以来都是理论界研究的热点问题。文章通过对1953—2004年与经济增长相关因素的统计数据的回归分析,并结合其他学者的研究成果,认为支撑我国经济增长的长期动力主要来自于要素投入,而要素投入的效果却与经济发展战略制定的一些非经济因素有关。     

企业边界人员的私人关系与企业绩效——基于中国市场数据的元分析检验

企业边界人员与外部利益相关者发展私人关系是新兴市场中的普遍现象,但是"私人关系"是否真的会提升企业绩效?当前文献对此问题并未给出一致结论。文章基于105篇使用中国市场数据的中英文文献,运用元分析技术(Meta-Analysis)考察了私人关系对企业绩效的影响,并分析了企业所处的制度环境和市场环境,企业的生命周期、规模、所有制形式等内部特征对上述影响的调节作用。通过对392个效应值的集成分析,文章发现,尽管私人关系确实能提升企业绩效■,但是不同层面的私人关系(政治联系和商业联系)对不同类型的企业绩效(财务绩效、运营绩效和战略绩效)所产生的影响存在差异。同时制度环境、市场环境、企业特征均会显著地调节私人关系对企业绩效的影响。上述结论为新兴市场中的企业如何将私人关系转化为企业绩效提供了指导。     

美国劳工组织对中美贸易关系的影响——以PNTR案和货币操控案说起

中美贸易关系历来受多种因素影响,美国国内劳工组织在中美贸易摩擦的两个典型个案中起到了一定的影响。其行动的一般规则及目的需要进一步研究及分析,从而利用这些规则来为中美贸易关系润滑,减少不利因素最终提高贸易关系成功的可能性。     

Valuing customers for social network services

In the current Internet environment, many online service companies based on community factors (networks) produce and sell new types of digital products. For example, SNS (social network service) companies now sell customers digital decorative products for the adornment of online avatars. Not only do individual customers consume these digital products, but they also exchange them as gifts in their local neighborhoods. While previous studies on customer valuation (e.g. CLTV, RFM, etc.) focus on some important issues for identifying valuable customers, the literature does not resolve issues related to the effects on customer value of products purchased as gifts for another person. This study attempts to verify empirically the effects of two representative social network properties (tie strength and the number of ties) on customer monetary value.This study selects 2615 customers from a South Korean SNS website who enrolled on the site on the same day. Data include diverse purchase-related information, social network properties in terms of gift-giving for six months, and demographic information. The primary results of this study are as follows. First, the proposed model, which includes social network properties, has a great deal more explanatory power than the baseline model — the RFM-based customer value model. Second, tie strength and the number of ties in a gift-giving network increase customer value. Third, tie strength has a more profound impact on customer value than does the number of ties. The results of this study theoretically expand the domain of customer valuation studies due to the inclusion of social network properties, and suggest important practical implications for some online SNS companies in their efforts to find valuable customers and improve customer value.     

Executive succession: The importance of social capital in CEO appointments

Research Summary: Firm performance and corporate governance have been shown to influence CEO selection, but our understanding of the role of social capital is more limited. In this study, we seek to provide further insight into the role of social capital by examining the influence of both “bonding” and “bridging” forms of social capital on CEO appointments. We find that candidates who have relational social capital, in terms of overlap with the CEO in organizational tenure, board tenure, and CEO tenure are more likely to be appointed as CEO. We also find that candidates who have external linkages to the CEO in the form of geographic, prestigious university, and prior employment affiliations are more likely to be appointed CEO. Managerial Summary: The appointment of a new CEO has significant and widespread implications for the firm’s future strategic direction and performance, the relationship between the board and CEO, and perceptions by investors, employees, and other key stakeholders. Our study finds that candidates who have shared connections and experiences with the CEO in terms of geographic, prestigious university, or prior employment affiliations as well as overlap in terms of organizational tenure, board tenure, and CEO tenure are more likely to be appointed CEO. Given the enormous impact that executive appointments have on the strategic direction and performance of the company, it is important to recognize that social factors such as shared experiences and connections influence how candidates are perceived, and thus, may affect appointment decisions.     

普通似然及经验似然情况下的结点问题

本文在普通似然及经验似然情况下,分别对数据无结点和有结点的情况做了计算,得出在普通似然及经验似然问题中,有结点与无结点情况完全相同的结论。     

管理者的社会关系与企业绩效——组织学习的中介作用

一些学者探讨了管理者的社会关系与企业绩效间的微观——宏观联系,但往往以财务绩效表示企业绩效,且缺乏关于管理者的社会关系对企业绩效影响机制的研究。本文基于战略的制度观,通过对企业绩效的细分并引入组织学习这一变量,探讨了管理者的商业关系和政治关系是如何通过组织学习的中介作用对企业的财务绩效和创新绩效产生不同影响的。研究表明,管理者的两类关系都能直接促进财务绩效的提升,且组织学习正向影响创新绩效,但它们对创新绩效的影响效果不同。管理者的商业关系直接正向影响创新绩效,同时也通过正向影响组织学习而间接促进企业创新。管理者的政治关系降低了组织学习并通过其中介作用抑制了企业创新。因此,应区别看待管理者的两类社会关系对企业绩效的影响。     

Social networks and electronic commerce in China∗

Communications technologies that make up the emerging global information infrastructure have the power to regulate online behavior. Social networks in Chinese society have survived the growth of formal legal institutions and liberalization of China's economy, but it is not clear whether they can survive the regulatory pressures created by global information technology networks. The spread of electronic commerce technologies in China may strengthen legal institutions and open local markets to international competition, but is likely to be resisted by all the same interests that resist those changes in other contexts. The Chinese response to the spread of electronic commerce might take several forms: assimilation; marginalization; or localization of new forms of commercial activity that rely on new technologies.     

Bridging ties and the role of research and start-up experience on the early growth of Dutch academic spin-offs

Bridging ties are important for obtaining new information. However, when entrepreneurs try to bridge between two networks, they may face problems due to the variety of knowledge among individuals in both networks. In this paper, we argue that specific human capital is essential for interpreting new information and coordinating action when bridging between networks. In a sample of 70 Dutch academic spin-offs, our findings show that specific human capital increases the relative impact of bridging ties on early spin-off growth. This paper sheds light on the value of bridging ties for entrepreneurs and provides implications for practitioners.     

组织内员工关系与知识共享——基于工作关系与私人关系区分视角的实证分析

较正式的工作关系和非正式的私人关系是组织内员工间的两类基本关系,然而现有研究在探讨员工关系与知识共享间关系时,很少对这两类关系加以区分,对它们与员工知识共享间的作用机制缺乏足够的解释,文章对这一问题进行了初步探讨。在理论分析基础上,构建了员工工作关系、私人关系与知识共享间关系的概念模型,并讨论了作为情境变量的组织知识管理战略对上述关系的影响。基于问卷调查数据,对上述理论模型进行了实证检验,研究发现:工作关系和私人关系对员工知识共享都有显著的正面影响;工作关系在私人关系和员工知识共享间发挥中介作用;"人"导向的知识管理战略在私人关系和工作关系间发挥正向调节作用,并通过工作关系的中介作用对员工知识共享产生影响。最后,探讨了实证分析结果的理论意义和实践启示,并指出了进一步研究的方向。