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转型经济学的"转型":超越渐进与激进的两分法 --对中国经济转轨进程的再思考 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
王丹莉 《山西财经大学学报》2005,27(2):11-16
随着计划经济向市场经济的过渡,“激进式改革”和“渐进式改革”两条转轨路径成为转轨经济学中讨论最多的话题。但是,“激进”与“渐进”对于速度的强调转移了人们应该关注的重点,这种区分在逻辑上并不能为制度变迁提供令人信服的解释,也不能反映出任何一个国家转轨的复杂进程。因此,转型经济学应当完成自身的“转型”:遵循经济发展和制度演进的内在逻辑,超越“激进”与“渐进”的两分法。 相似文献
2.
We investigate the claim made by proponents of the big‐bang strategy that the establishment of property rights in an economy in transition creates its own demand for the enforcement of laws to protect those rights. Our model contains a government engaging in activities to accomplish objectives that depend on public support for the enforcement of the rule of law and agents who interpret the level of activities of the government as indications of the government's intent to enforce the rule of law. Agents, using the level of government activities as an input to their decisions, choose whether to support the government's objectives. We establish conditions under which the level of activities chosen by the government maximizes its benefits, and simultaneously induces the constituency to support enforcement of the rule of law. These conditions provide a basis for the argument for the implementation of the big‐bang policy. When these conditions do not hold, however, we show that the level of activities that maximizes the government's benefits may have only a minor impact on support for the enforcement of the rule of law. Two characteristics play an important role in these conditions: the initial level of crime and the types of activities the government chooses to undertake. We present examples showing that the initial level of crime has the more dramatic effect on subsequent support for the rule of law. 相似文献
3.
Yaping Feng 《美中经济评论(英文版)》2006,5(3):66-70
In this paper, based on the theory of institutional economics of the relationship between informal and the formal institution and that of institutional conformity and social performance, by comparing the process of social transition between Russia and China, the author attempts to show that informal institution of Russia and China has a strong impact on the performance of social transition in the two countries hence to show the superiority of Gradualism to Constructivism. 相似文献
4.
Yasheng Huang 《European Journal of Finance》2018,24(1):19-35
Gradualist reform (GR) is a strategy that implements partial and incremental reforms at the beginning but gradually deepens the reforms over time. Using income determinants in rural China as the measure of the GR hypothesis, this paper provides a direct test of the widely accepted claim that China has followed a GR strategy. In the sense that reform deepens, production factors should become more important income determinants over time. Our difference-in-difference analysis, based on a large panel dataset from fixed-site rural surveys conducted between 1986 and 2002, shows that the efficiency of return to production factors deteriorated over time instead. Households that had more production resources, such as land and labor, or that devoted more labor and time to entrepreneurial activities experienced better income growth in the 1980s, but households with better political status did so in the 1990s. Further difference-in-difference analyses show that these income patterns are related to an inefficient credit allocation due to government interference in the 1990s compared to market mechanisms in the 1980s. Overall, the empirical evidence on the income determinants and on rural finance does not support the GR hypothesis on China's reform path. 相似文献
5.
Maria Pia Paganelli 《European Journal of the History of Economic Thought》2013,20(2):149-163
Abstract If Adam Smith were asked about transitioning and developing economies today, one may infer, he might suggest introducing small, yet constant, opportunities for wealth accumulation, avoiding the sudden accumulation of riches. Good institutions and the moral rules often needed to comply with them are more likely to be disregarded if there are large, sudden material gains, such as new wealth generated by the sudden opening of markets or government granting monopolies. For Smith, the desire to show off in front of others can inhibit moral behaviour and respect for good institutions, generating perverse incentives that hinder growth. Gradual change is to be preferred. 相似文献
6.
孙国峰 《地质技术经济管理》2014,(7):1-4
渐进主义模式有利于社会变革的可控性,但它只能完成外围容易实现的改革目标。农村和城市经济改革中已经获得“有限”市场自由的各类经济主体与正在转型中的管理体制代理者之间存在的激励不相容,使我国的经济改革呈现出了“不关心”、“不作为”和寻租等严重的“反公地悲剧”问题。要彻底突破目前陷于停滞的改革困境。就亟须克服渐进主义思维的惯性,从土地、国企和体制等改革的实践难题着手,中央政府层面的“项层设计”应该是唯一的选择。 相似文献
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Empirical estimates of monetary policy reaction functions feature a very high estimated degree of monetary policy inertia. This evidence is very hard of reconcile with the alternative evidence of low predictability of monetary policy rates. In this paper we examine the potential relevance of the problem of weak instruments to correctly identify the degree of monetary policy inertia in forward-looking monetary policy reaction function of the type originally proposed by Taylor [1993. Discretion versus policy rules in practice. Canergie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 39, 195–214]. After appropriately diagnosing and taking care of the weak instruments problem, we find an estimated degree of policy inertia which is significantly lower than the common value in the empirical literature on monetary policy rules. 相似文献
9.
The concepts of gradualism and shock therapy are reconsidered in respect of the Chinese and Russian experiences. It is suggested that success in reform is determined not only by sharp and speedy measures for attaining macroeconomic financial stabilization, but also, more importantly, how rapidly a critical mass of genuine market forces and competition can be achieved in the microeconomic sphere. In contrast to the orthodox interpretation, it is concluded that the ‘weighted combination’ of macroeconomic and microeconomic reforms in China can be regarded as true ‘shock therapy’, which has brought the Chinese reforms to a successful outcome. In contrast, despite initial macro-financial shock, the Russian reforms have been slow and inconsistent and, for that reason, less successful than in China. 相似文献
10.
Dalibor Roháč 《Economic Affairs》2013,33(1):65-77
This paper provides a review of the literature on post‐communist transitions. It outlines the debate between the proponents of rapid reforms and the advocates of neo‐institutionalism. Providing evidence from the transitional countries, it suggests an alternative approach, explicitly acknowledging the impact of two categories of constraints on reforms. 相似文献