服务业集聚与产业结构优化关系探究

随着全球化进程的不断加快，服务业集聚已经成为人们普遍关注的话题。产业集聚在获得规模效应的同时避免了垄断现象的产生，服务业集聚不但拥有这样的优势，而且还有自己独特的形成和发展特点。从产业结构的优化角度切入，借助区位商和专门化率等分析指标，以江苏省和上海市为例，对服务业集聚的形成进行理论和实证分析，提出产业结构的优化对于服务业集聚的形成和发展有着积极的作用。合理的产业结构能够为服务业集聚提供坚实的基础，各地区应该根据各自的产业特点积极的进行优化，催生服务业集聚，加快本地区经济的进一步发展。     

Foreign direct investment and vertical integration of production by Japanese multinationals in Thailand

We test the vertical model of foreign direct investment (FDI) empirically using firm level information on Japanese multinational activity in Thailand. These data allow us to investigate the effects of both home country (Japan) and host country (Thailand) characteristics on the inter-industry pattern of FDI. For 85 manufacturing industries over the period from 1985 to 1995, we find a positive influence of industry variation in skill intensity and market size in the host country and a negative effect of transport costs on the amount of FDI. These results provide strong direct econometric evidence of vertical integration of production across the countries. Journal of Comparative Economics 32 (4) (2004) 805–821.     

Bureaucratic integration and regional specialization in China

Fiscal decentralization introduced as part of China's economic reform since 1979 has unleashed strong incentives for China's local governments to pursue economic development, but the same incentives have also led to local protectionist policies inhibiting the process of regional specialization. This paper focuses on the constraints or freedom with which local governments can implement their protectionist policies. Using a panel data of 29 China's regions over the time period of 1985–1997, we find that China's political system of bureaucratic integration (specifically, concurrent appointment of local government officials in the central government) imposes constraints on the local governments from practicing protectionism. We also find that the effectiveness of local protectionist policies is limited by market competition, specifically, competition from foreign-invested firms operating in China and foreign imports. Our results on the role of local protectionism remain robust to controls for the regional variations in the size of the economy and the stage of economic development.     

我国企业变革方向的探讨

随着知识经济新时代的到来和我国加入国际贸易组织(WTO),我国企业面临着前所未有的挑战。本文针对这一新的形势,从企业的全球化、网络化、专业化、素质化四个方面探讨了企业变革的方向。     

产业集群的演进:一个基于专业化分工视角的解释

产业集群的形成是专业化分工产业的报酬递增的一种空间表现形式,是一个劳动分工深化、交易效率提高的过程.如果从分工角度考察,产业集群是形成专业化分工的产物;同时,分工和专业化的发展与产业集群之间表现出高度的一致性.     

南京商圈构造及其对策

工业化、城市化、信息化和市场化的互动推动了都市圈的形成。都市圈的形成可以带来分工与资源重组效应、要素的聚集与扩散效应、分享效应以及新型的竞争与合作效应等。在南京都市圈逐步形成的基础上,南京商圈也已初步出现。在南京商圈的进一步发展中,我们应该明确:城市商业结构的总体结构应是商业专业化的形态结构、布局结构、业态结构和技术结构动态组合的过程,南京及周边城市地区要互动调整自己的商业布局、业态与技术结构,选择适合于自身的竞争战略,形成互相竞争与合作的新型区域关系。     

社会工作在基层治理专业化中的角色与功能

近年来,我国对居民社区建设的重视度不断提升,社区公共服务团队也在不断壮大,在国家政策的实施以及广大社区管理中,社区管理机构发挥着十分关键的作用。随着城乡居民生活水平的不断提升,传统的管理模式与基层治理手段已经落后,难以满足社区发展与民众生活的多元化以及专业化需求,因此,在社区治理中,融入专业性社会工作已经成为大势所趋。论文结合社会工作参与乡村振兴建设战略所进行的一系列工作,探究社会工作在基层治理专业化道路上扮演的角色,指出社会工作在基层治理专业化中的功能,阐明当前社区治理中的问题,探索促进基层社区治理可持续发展的道路。     

地区专业化、产业集中与经济集聚——对我国制造业的实证分析

以新经济地理学模型为基本理论框架,对我国各省区专业化水平、制造业各行业的集中程度和整个制造业的集聚程度进行了实证分析,结果显示1993—2003年间我国各省份的专业化水平呈显著上升趋势,制造业大部分行业集中程度提高,整个制造业集聚程度上升。在制造业各行业集中程度和整个制造业集聚程度的测算中,引入SP指数,结果显示这一指标的引进是非常必要的。     

Evolution of trade patterns in the new EU member states

The paper analyses the evolution of the trade specialization pattern in the new EU member states. Relying on the empirical approach of the Markov transition matrices it analyses both the changes in the external shape of the distribution of comparative advantages and the intra‐distribution dynamics. The new members show a dynamic trade pattern: they gained comparative advantages relatively fast in sectors in which they were lagging behind at the beginning of the transition, notably in some ‘high tech’ products. In addition, many specialization improvements occurred in those items for which world demand expanded at the fastest rate over the nineties.     

产品内贸易、技术创新与中国企业可持续发展

在科技革命和经济全球化的共同作用下，特别是随着FDI的增长和跨国公司的全球布点，传统意义上的以商品贸易为基础的国际分工正在被打破，国际分工逐步深入到企业内部，分工方式由产业间分工向产业内部产品分工和要素分工延伸。本文以当前新贸易现象为实践基础，以贸易分工理论为理论基础，初步构建产品内贸易的理论模型及其利益分配机制，从产品内分工视角分析产品内贸易模式对发展中国家贸易条件的影响，并认为中国企业应该在国际分工价值链上进行攀升，进行技术创新，提升在国际贸易中的地位，化比较优势为竞争优势，实现企业的可持续发展。