电影中的“视觉理论”探析

电影电视已经成为了我们日常生活中的一部分。然而只需稍加注意就会发现年轻性感的银幕美女比比皆是。英国女性主义电影理论家劳拉.穆尔维在她的《视觉快感和叙事性电影》中把精神分析引入女性主义电影研究。她对主流好莱坞叙事电影进行了批判性解读,对视觉快感理论进行了阐释。观众通过对银幕美女的观看能够得到快感,而且这种视觉快感不自觉地分裂为主动的/男性和被动的/女性。     

Socio‐demographic factors and shared leadership behaviors in dispersed teams: Implications for human resource management

Companies increasingly make use of geographically dispersed teams to capture knowledge residing at different locations. In this context, shared leadership is considered a key enabler of team performance. Taking a functional perspective on shared leadership, we thus investigate the relationship between shared leadership behaviors and team performance in dispersed teams. Furthermore, we analyze how socio‐demographic factors that are characteristic for dispersed teams (i.e., high female‐to‐male ratio, high mean age, and high levels of national diversity) affect shared leadership behaviors. Based on data from 96 dispersed teams, we show that shared leadership behavior fosters team performance. Further, we find the socio‐demographic characteristics typical for dispersed teams to foster shared leadership. Theoretical and managerial implications for human resource management are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Can household-based food consumption surveys be used to make inferences about nutrient intakes and inadequacies? A Bangladesh case study

Household Consumption and Expenditures Surveys (HCES) are increasingly being used to make inferences about individual food consumption, despite the fact that they collect food data at only the household level. Usually the analysis assumes that the household’s food is distributed among its members in direct proportion to each member’s share of the household’s total energy requirements; what is referred to as the adult male equivalent (AME) approach. Using the 2011–2012 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey—which collected consumption data for all members of rural households using combined 24-hour recall (24HR) and food weighing methods—this study directly compared probability-based average estimates of intakes, intake gaps, and the prevalence of inadequacies as estimated by the 24HR and those calculated using the AME approach for energy and each of four micronutrients: vitamin A, iron, zinc, and calcium.At the population level, for iron, vitamin A, and calcium, more than 97% of all individuals had the same estimated prevalence of adequate or inadequate nutrient intakes using 24HR and AME-based estimates. In the case of energy and zinc, roughly 77 and 83% of the sample population had identical adequacy statuses, respectively. The magnitude of inadequacies (the nutrient gaps) differed by 8 percentage points for energy and less than 3 percentage points for the four micronutrients. Disaggregating intakes and inadequacies by age groups revealed that the vast majority of variance between the two methods was highly concentrated in the first few years of life. Children 3 years of age and younger constituted 7.5% of the population but had 13.1% of the inconsistencies in intake adequacy status. 54% of children 3 and under had at least one pair of inconsistent prevalence estimates. While there are important differences in the levels of estimated energy and micronutrient intakes using 24HR and the AME-based estimates for children 3 and under, the results are remarkably comparable for the rest of the population.     

高脚竞速对男大学生部分血液指标的影响

探讨高脚竞速对人体身体血液指标的影响,促进高脚马运动的发展,对12名高脚竞速男大学生通过三个月的对比训练发现男大学生参加高脚竞速训练后(即刻)的血乳酸有着显著性下降p﹤0.01,而血糖与血红蛋白却没有差异性变化。结论:高脚马运动对人体血液指标有一定的影响,而且是良性的,因此高脚竞速是一种安全有效的健身活动。     

记美国历史上的奴隶逃亡

以美国历史上的奴隶制下的奴隶逃亡为线索，详尽地讨论了三个问题：奴隶不顾一切地选择逃亡的背景，奴隶为逃亡成功获得自由而所作的种种准备以及逃亡途中部分白人所给予这些逃奴的帮助。指出了逃亡奴隶在人口结构上所呈现出的特点。     

Ads aimed at dads: exploring consumers’ reactions towards advertising that conforms and challenges traditional gender role ideologies

Employing gender role ideology theory, this research investigates Australian consumer attitudes towards current advertisements portraying males as caregivers. Results of an experiment demonstrate that consumers perceive in-ad gender role portrayals of males as caregivers as atypical of the current advertising environment. Consumers who, in particular, hold a non-traditional (egalitarian) gender role ideology report a more positive attitude towards advertising that challenges traditional gender role ideologies (i.e., advertising that depicts males as caregivers). We suggest that non-traditional advertising that challenges traditional gender roles provides advertisers with an opportunity to stand out; however, advertisers must ensure that their key product-related message components are not overshadowed.     

影响高校男子400米栏运动员成绩的主要因素分析

男子400米栏作为田径比赛的一个重要组成部分,在我国的发展相对滞后,与欧美国家存在很大差距。为促进我国男子400米栏成绩的提高,本文对影响高校男子400米栏运动员成绩的主要因素进行了调查研究。本文采用分组随机抽样的方法,通过文献资料的收集,充分运用观察法、数理统计法、比较分析法深刻剖析得出平跑速度、跨栏技术以及栏间节奏是制约和影响高校男子400米栏运动员成绩的主要因素,并据此提出相关建议以达到提高高校男子400米栏运动员成绩的目的。     

A content analysis of male roles in television advertising: Do traditional roles still hold?

Analysis of male roles in television advertising is limited. In order to remedy this, our research serves as a catalyst by providing a review of the current literature, conducting a preliminary examination of male roles in television advertising, and discussing ways for this area of research to move forward in the future. Specifically, the study conducted in this paper examines television advertising to provide insight on the depiction of males, the portrayed relations between males and other individuals, and how these depictions may have changed from 2003 to 2008. Male depictions in lead roles are contrasted using 907 primetime commercials from 2003 and 961 commercials from 2008 from the four major US broadcasting networks (ABC, NBC, CBS, and FOX). Results suggest that some aspects of male depictions in advertising are counter to, while other aspects are reflective of, the changing gender roles occurring in society.     

农村大龄未婚男性家庭压力和应对策略研究——基于YC县访谈的发现

通过对中国中部农村的质性访谈,利用扎根理论的三级登录方法,探索性地利用家庭压力理论来解释大龄未婚男性家庭的压力以及可采取的应对策略。农村大龄未婚男性的失婚对家庭在经济上、家庭关系和成员的心理压力上都造成负面影响。研究为提高大龄未婚男性这一弱势群体及其家庭的生活福利,缓解婚姻挤压和促进社会稳定提供理论依据。     

社区男性生殖健康教育与咨询服务的实践与探索—以上海市普陀区曹杨街道为例

社区是实现育龄群众普遍享有基本生殖保健服务的阵地和依托。以上海市曹杨街道为例 ,从工作实践和理论探索出发 ,制定男性生殖健康社区工作规划 ,实证分析社区男性生殖健康教育与咨询服务的途径 ,探讨转轨时期传统性别角色、性别结构蜕变后的计划生育工作新格局。