城市公用事业项目市场化运营中的风险管理

当前我国正在广泛采用市场化运营的方式推进对城市公用事业项目的建设。在公用事业项目市场化运营的热潮中,必须注意防范和规避各种风险。通过风险管理的手段加强公用事业项目的建设可以更好地保障公用事业项目市场化运营的成效。     

城市公用事业民营化改革中的政府责任

本文在评述城市公用事业相关研究成果的基础上,重点讨论城市公用事业民营化改革中需加强法规政策的制定与实施、城市公用事业的整体规划与实施、城市公用事业基础设施的投资、维护社会公众利益、安全保障和应对突发事件、对特殊群体和事件的政策性补贴、实行有效政府管制等七个方面的政府责任,并据此提出了实现城市公用事业民营化中政府责任的若干政策建议.     

公用企业滥用行为与\"混合型\"管制改革

公用企业滥用垄断地位行为是管制改革和中国反垄断法中的核心问题.本文采用线性城市模型证明,管制改革中纵向经营在位企业具有采取排他性行为对新企业实行市场封锁的激励.在此情况下,混合型管制体制具有相对的效率优势.中国自然垄断行业具有自然垄断、行为垄断和行政垄断三重交织的特点,垄断性公用企业具有特殊的滥用行为产生机理和滥用行为方式.反公用企业滥用行为应建立\"混合型\"管制体制模式,将深化行业管制体制改革和反垄断执法有机的结合起来.     

The Nonparametric Approach to Applied Welfare Analysis

Changes in total surplus are traditional measures of economic welfare. We propose necessary and sufficient conditions for rationalizing individual and aggregate consumer demand data with individual quasilinear and homothetic utility functions. Under these conditions, consumer surplus is a valid measure of consumer welfare. For nonmarketed goods, we propose necessary and sufficient conditions on input market data for efficient production, i.e. production at minimum cost. Under these conditions we derive a cost function for the nonmarketed good, where producer surplus is the area above the marginal cost curve. We are greatful to helpful remarks and comments of the referees and the editor. The work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, through Grant BEC2002-2130, the Generalitat de Catlaunya, through Grant 2005SGR-00454 and the Barcelona Economics Program (CREA).     

西部市政公用行业发展的路径探索

非公有资本进入市政公用行业领域是促进这一行业发展的必然选择，但西部现有的运营体制和经营模式是制约其与东部竞争的主要障碍。因此，如何彻底地解决这一问题决定着西部市政公用行业的最终发展。本文提出改革应以政企、政事、建管、管养分开为突破口，模拟竞争的运营机制、构建有效的政府管制、创新公用行业筹融资形式和拟定透明的价格形成机制等。     

The cost effectiveness of zonisamide as adjunctive therapy in adult partial seizure epilepsy

Summary

Many patients with epilepsy continue to have partial seizures requiring add-on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Zonisamide, a broad-spectrum AED, has recently entered the European market and must be compared with the current standard of care. The objective of this study was to determine the cost effectiveness of zonisamide as treatment for adults with uncontrolled partial epilepsy in Scotland. A Markov decision model was developed from the perspective of the Scottish National Health Service. Outcome measures included quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs in GBP.

Patients treated with zonisamide had a 15-year incremental cost of £20 and 0.026 additional QALYs compared with patients treated with levetiracetam. These modest differences result in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for zonisamide of £761/QALY.

We conclude that zonisamide is a cost-effective treatment for adult patients with refractory partial epilepsy being treated according to Scottish treatment patterns and costs, assuming a willingness to pay of £20,000/QALY.     

城市公用事业公共定价与绩效管理

城市公用事业改革是当前我国经济体制改革的重点和难点。其改革不仅涉及到经营及运作模式的转变,也涉及到管理体制的转型。就各国公用事业管理的方法及经验来看,价格监管是其最重要的监管方式和手段之一。本文主要从公共管理的视角出发,借鉴和运用绩效管理的理论和方法,以公共定价为切入点,分析了我国城市公用事业的特征及现行定价机制中存在的问题,就如何完善我国城市公用事业公共定价机制提出了几点政策建议。     

关于供电企业生存环境的思考

阐述了由于电力执法主体严重缺位,造成电力发展环境欠佳,盗窃电能相当普遍,电力设施破坏严重,电费欠费收缴困难等问题长期得不到解决,并提出各级地方政府要以人为本,加强法治,加大打击力度,以改善电力发展和供电环境。