区域经济协调发展视角下的科技创新路径探讨——以蓝黄两区为例

区域科技与经济系统的协调发展是实现区域集约型高质量经济增长的突破口,是社会、经济、生态三者获得高效协调统一的重要途径,是区域在不断变化的竞争格局中率先振兴的关键,更是区域凸显比较优势、实现可持续发展的前提条件和基础保障。科技创新在蓝黄统筹发展过程中同样发挥着重要的作用。一方面,科技进步对发展蓝黄统筹新型经济、提高海陆开发和综合管理能力具有重要的支撑引领作用;另一方面,蓝黄经济的统筹发展也能够产生强大的反哺效应,为科技创新奠定雄厚的物质基础。科技创新与蓝黄区域融合发展存在着较强的互动关系,两者相互影响、彼此制衡,其在高效互动状态下能够产生强大合力,推动区域经济社会健康快速发展。     

After over 25 years of accrediting beaches,has Blue Flag contributed to sustainable management?

This paper examines the qualitative, quantitative, and geographical evolution (1987–2012) of the Blue Flag campaign and accreditation process in Spain, a leading coastal tourism destination heading the list of awards. The standard Blue Flag criteria for crowded, developed beaches are now adapting to new demands for natural beaches, but they still fail to capture essential sustainable tourism features, such as limiting user numbers, or preserving and restoring sand ecosystems. Given these shortcomings, some destinations are moving to alternative awards with a higher environmental commitment, such as EMS, ISO14001, and Eco-Management and Audit Schemes (EMAS). A cluster analysis of Blue Flag data for 983 beaches in Spain over 26 years revealed different behaviour patterns: established tourist areas that have always opted for the Blue Flag programme; tourist areas that adopted the Blue Flag early on but replaced it with ISO14001 and EMAS; recently developed destinations applying for the award to boost their tourism promotion; and tourist areas with no well-defined policy that have opted intermittently for Blue Flag. These profiles illustrate the different policies of Spain's Autonomous Regions, and they are useful for tourism managers to verify whether their destination's behaviour pattern contributes to sustainable tourism and matches strategic policies they have designed for them.     

Blue Flag or Red Herring: Do beach awards encourage the public to visit beaches?

Surveys of beach visitor motivation in Ireland, Wales, Turkey and the USA indicate that beach awards play an insignificant role in motivation to visit beaches. However, a number of criteria closely identified with awards, notably cleanliness and water quality, are revealed to be very important. Aesthetic and emotional factors such as scenic setting and general ambience, and practical concerns such as proximity and range of activities available are much more important than beach awards in attracting visitors to beaches. The merits of beach awards are critically reviewed and it is concluded that any benefits that might accrue are in areas other than attracting visitors.     

The effects of beach characteristics and location with respect to hotel prices

This paper measures the effects of beach characteristics and hotel location with respect to the beach on sun-and-beach hotel prices by using a well-established hedonic perspective. The paper’s main results are that, after controlling for the relevant variables, location in front of a beach increases the price of a room in costal hotels of Catalonia by a figure between 13 and 17%, and that a Blue Flag increases the price by around 11.5%. The effects on hotels’ prices of other beach characteristics (such as beach length, width, sand type or beach services) are also estimated. With these estimates, the paper ranks beaches according to their characteristics and provides a setting to assess different policies regarding beaches from the point of view of hotels, such as regeneration, maintenance or achieving a Blue Flag award.     

山东省海洋产业集群发展对策研究

本文首先利用区位商的方法分析了山东省主要海洋产业的产业集群聚集度,山东省海洋盐业产业集群已经形成并处于稳定发展的阶段,其他海洋产业集群有待形成,并呈现出了快速发展趋势的结论;然后利用灰色关联度分析主要海洋产业之间的关联性,山东省各海洋产业之间存在着较大的关联性,特别是海洋的电力业与其他海洋产业以及其他海洋产业和海洋电力业的关联程度最大,滨海旅游业相对来说就比较独立,其与海洋交通运输业具有一定的关联性。     

Effects of ownership change on organizational settings and strategies in a Taiwanese hotel chain

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of ownership change on a local-chain hotel in Taiwan: how the new chief executive officer (CEO) planned a blue ocean strategy and how he led all employees to achieve pre-established goals. This study applied qualitative research methodology whereby the data were collected by participant observations in the study field and subsequent in-depth interviews with an application of the QSR NVivo software program. This study implies that, in the assimilation stage of the change, (1) the CEO should use democracy instead of dictatorship; (2) sub-cultures, factions and conflict could be prevented by organizational socialization and equal opportunity treatment; and (3) blue ocean strategies enable a shift of organizational image and identity. This qualitative study supplements the existing literature by showing that organizational politics might be affected by organizational change and how the concept of blue ocean strategy might be implemented in the course of organizational change.     

The global recognition strategy of blue chips of the Russian and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) markets

This study examines the mechanisms through which companies domiciled within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) overcome market segmentation barriers which are the legacy of the Soviet Union. In contrast to a conventional cross-listing mechanism, leading CIS firms pursue reverse cross-listing or single-listing strategies, selecting the London Stock Exchange (LSE) as their main or only capital-raising platform. This study documents short-term IPO underperformance for single-LSE and dual-listed firms, suggesting that listing in London is risky, and that firms should consider alternative capital-raising strategies. Recent national regulatory reforms, which are expected to both improve capital market conditions and to encourage firms to list domestically, present CIS firms with such an opportunity. Finally, this study shows that CIS blue chips outperform the UK market in the long-run. This effect is more pronounced for dual-listed firms that also outperform the Russian market.     

Agricultural impacts on water quality and implications for virtual water trading decisions

Research on the flow of virtual water associated with agricultural crop production and trade has focussed almost entirely on water quantity. It is pertinent to consider and quantify the opportunity costs in terms of reduced water quality associated with crop production. This paper investigates the impacts of water quality on virtual water trading by creating a proxy for water quality impacts by calculating the amount of water required to dilute nonpoint-source agrochemical inputs to relevant water quality guideline values. The quantity of water required for dilution of five agrochemicals (two nutrients; nitrogen and phosphorus and three insecticides; azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan) was estimated for five crops in South Africa (maize, wheat, sugar cane, citrus and cotton) and compared to consumption of irrigation water (blue water) and rainfall (green water) for the same crops. Results indicate that the volume of water required for dilution is similar to the total sum of green and blue water required for crop production, but significantly greater than blue water use (irrigation use). For all crops phosphorus losses require greater amounts of water for dilution than for nitrogen, while pesticides result in the greatest water quality use. Estimates of water quality use are based on assumptions for a number of input variables (i.e. fertilizer application rates, percentage loss of agrochemicals from cropped areas). A Monte Carlo analysis (5000 iterations) was run to randomly select input variables from within defined ranges. Water quality use was calculated and expressed as a factor of blue water use. For all crops the average factor indicated that the volume of water required for dilution of all agrochemicals was greater than that required for irrigation. The results of this study clearly indicate that the impacts of agriculture on water quality need to be considered in virtual water trading scenarios. The incorporation of a method to predict impacts on water quality provides a comparative tool which generates a more holistic frame of reference for decision making with regard to impacts on the water resource and virtual water trading.     

蓝海战略对我国民营企业持续发展的启示

企业怎样才能持续生存并发展下去,这是我国大多数民营企业芨殛待解决的问题。而蓝海战略为民营企业创新的市场空间和企业发展空间,创造更加辉煌的业绩提供了可能。研究并实施蓝海战略对民营企业持续发展具有重要的现实意义。     

基于生态位理论的山东半岛蓝色经济区旅游业竞争力

运用生态位理论构建业绩维、潜力维、环境维三维指标体系对山东半岛蓝色经济区七个城市的旅游业竞争力进行了评价,并结合聚类分析法,将旅游业竞争力综合生态位划分为三种类型,按照核心边缘理论将青岛定为核心城市,烟台、潍坊为节点城市,威海、日照、东营、滨州为网络城市,并根据山东半岛蓝色经济区旅游业竞争力生态位空间格局进行了旅游业竞争力格局空间意象分析,提出了相应的旅游业竞争力提升策略。