黄龙洞旅游开发对洞内生态环境和人的影响研究

通过对黄龙洞年内不同季节定点测定，同时与对旅游影响还不大的龙王洞对比测定，作者发现黄龙滑滑内空气CO2浓度的明显变化主要受客流量的影响。旅游旺季和黄金周客流量急剧增长带来的洞内空气CO2浓度大幅度增长，有利于岩溶作用，但洞内黑暗、高湿、低温的生态环境，对洞内工作人员身体健康有害。洞穴内岩溶景观的变化，主要受漫长的自然岩溶过程的影响，与洞内开发旅游活动的关系不大，但与洞顶山地植被保护状况有密切关系。     

Can innovation shocks determine CO2 emissions (CO2e) in the OECD economies? A new perspective

ABSTRACT

This study has attempted to address prior knowledge gaps in the environmental economics literature by integrating the innovation shocks into the Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) equation for twenty-six OECD economies using data from 1990 to 2014. Foreign direct investment (FDI), exports (EXP), renewable energy consumption (REC), and GDP per capita were included as control variables. The results from multiple empirical analyses indicated that positive shocks to innovation improve, but the negative shocks disrupt environmental quality. Data analyses also showed that a positive correlation exists between income per capita of OECD economies. From the negative coefficient of income per capita (squared) and the existence of a negative nexus between FDI and CO2e, both the EKC and the Pollution Halo Hypothesis (PHH) were confirmed in sampled economies, respectively. The paper offers empirical support for the favourable impacts of REC on the quality of the environment and calls for the adoption of innovation shocks as a policy instrument to formulate better environmental policies for a sustainable future.     

天津市武清区大气O_3、NO_2和CO浓度变化特征研究

文章利用2014年天津市武清区大气污染物臭氧(O_3)、二氧化氮(NO_2)和一氧化碳(CO)的监测数据,分析研究武清区O_3及其前体物NO_2和CO等大气污染物浓度水平和变化特征。结果表明武清区O_3浓度水平呈现明显的季节变化特征。夏季O_3浓度为106μg·m~(-3),冬季浓度为28μg·m~(-3),主要与光化学反应在夏季比较强烈,冬季紫外强度和平均温度均较低,光化学反应较弱有关。2014年武清区大气中NO_2年均值为51μg·m~(-3),CO年均值为1.9 mg·m~(-3),冬季是NO_2和CO浓度最高的季节。     

The effects of regional trade integration and renewable energy transition on environmental quality: Evidence from South Asian neighbors

Improving environmental quality across South Asia has become one of the utmost important policy agendas of the concerned governments. The susceptibility of the majority of the South Asian countries to multifaceted climate change adversities has motivated the need to identify the factors that can function to ensure environmental sustainability across South Asia. Although several studies have highlighted the importance of globalization and cleaner energy use in tackling the environmental degradaton issues of the South Asian countries, very little is known regarding the impacts of regional trade and renewable energy transition in this regard. Hence, this paper aims to scrutinize the effects of enhancing intra-regional trade integration and undergoing renewable energy transition on per capita carbon dioxide emissions in the context of six South Asian nations between 1990 and 2016. The results from the recently developed cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag regression approach, accounting for cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity issues, reveal that facilitating trade among the South Asian neighbors reduces carbon emissions in both the short and long run. Moreover, enhancing the share of renewable energy in the aggregate energy consumption figures is also found to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in both the short and long run. Furthermore, both regional trade integration and renewable energy transition are found to jointly reduce carbon dioxide emissions in South Asia. The results also authenticate the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, while financial development and urbanization are found to boost carbon dioxide emissions only in the long run.     

中国城市居民收入和储蓄增长对家庭能耗碳排放的区域异质性及政策应对

估计和预测城市居民收入变化对家庭能源消费碳排放的影响,对城市家庭消费部门构建低碳能源供应体系,应对气候变化具有重要意义。论文首先估计了中国284个地级以上城市的家庭三类能源消费的直接碳排放量,建立了面板固定效应模型来识别城市家庭能耗碳排放增长和变化的驱动因素。研究结果表明:城市居民收入的快速增长与储蓄水平的提高对于家庭碳排放有显著影响;城市家庭收入和储蓄的增加会抑制家庭燃气碳排放的产生,但对于城市家庭用电碳排放和城市家庭采暖碳排放,则表现出显著的推动作用。此外,研究还发现了家庭碳排放的影响因素存在显著的区域异质性。     

16Mn无缝钢管的焊接工艺认可试验

拟定焊接工艺,对16Mn无缝钢管进行焊接工艺认可试验。试验结果均符合NK船级规范,说明采用此焊接工艺可保证16Mn无缝钢管的焊接质量。     

二氧化碳排放强度下降目标的动态分解研究——基于“十二五”规划目标的分析

针对十二五规划中二氧化碳排放强度下降17%的目标,设定两种分解路径——等比路径和等差路径,采用数理经济学理论,将之分别对应到二氧化碳排放强度和人均国内生产总值两项指标的幂函数路径和对数函数路径。根据1990~2007年全球主要地区和中国的历史经验数据,对上述两个函数的参数进行模拟,并对二氧化碳排放量路径进行预测。研究发现,幂函数最优路径比国际经验对应的最优路径更为激进;幂函数最优路径比对数函数最优路径更为灵活,但后者减排潜力更大。若走对数函数路径,在远期保持国内生产总值年均7%增长速度的前提下,到2038年我国将达到二氧化碳排放量的峰值,之后便逐步下降。     

夹带剂作用下溶质在超临界CO2中溶解度的研究

用MPR-2模型计算溶质在含有和不含有夹带剂超临界CO2中的溶解度,把超临界CO2和夹带剂视为一个拟组分,并根据VDW-1混合规则求出拟组分的方程参数,将超临界三元体系的相平衡问题简化为超临界二元体系的相平衡问题。关联和计算了8种溶质(共268个数据点)在超临界CO2中的溶解度,模型计算值与文献的实验值相吻合。     

贸易视角下经济增长和环境质量的内在机理研究——基于中国30个省市环境库兹涅茨曲线的面板数据分析

经济增长与环境质量问题已引起众多学者的关注。本文利用中国30个省、市、自治区15年的面板数据检验中国是否存在倒U型的EKC曲线,并且在考虑贸易与投资的基础上,得出如下结论:东部地区存在倒U型的EKC,西部地区存在正U型的EKC,中部地区不存在EKC;外贸依存度与碳排放呈现出显著地正相关关系,FDI对碳排放虽有影响但很微弱;贸易和投资对拐点到达的时间并无影响,但却能够提高拐点到达时的人均GDP水平。     

中国对外直接投资的母国碳排放效应研究——基于2003～2011年省级面板数据

选用2003~2011年我国30个省的面板数据,基于联立方程组模型,考察了中国对外直接投资(outward foreign direct investment,OFDI)对本国CO2排放量的影响。研究表明:我国对外直接投资的增加将会给本国带来正的规模效应、产业结构效应以及负的技术效应。综合三大效应的结果显示,我国加大对外直接投资,增加了国内的CO2排放量。数据表明,我国的对外直接投资每增加1%,国内CO2排放量将会增加0.5009%,其主要原因在于具有减排作用的技术效应远低于其余两大效应,据此提出了增加技术寻求型直接投资和调整产业结构的政策建议。