明代地方官府赋役核算体系的早期发展

明洪武到弘治年间,州县官府的赋役管理从基本不依赖核算向需要且能够进行核算的状态转变。洪武、永乐时期,在官府体系内部,只有田赋被部分地纳入核算管理,其他赋役征发则完全或绝大部分无法计量,也没有计划性。宣德以降,地方官员吸收民间粮里阶层分担赋役负担的经验,在此基础上进行旨在“均平”的改革,以确保赋役的可持续征发。在探索均平之道的过程中,不同地方官员多采取量化赋役负担、预定征收计划、将派征对象标准化并进行摊派核算的方式。其中,田赋额等开始扮演摊派对象的角色。这开启了州县层面赋役征收核算体系的发展之路,也导致府、州、县与户、工等部及布政使司之间产生了赋役核算信息不对称,出现了二重会计结构。     

基于知识图谱的组织承诺理论演变与研究趋势分析

以Web of Science的SCI、SSCI数据库中1997-2012年的组织承诺相关文章为研究对象,从文献计量学角度,运用信息可视化方法,绘制科学知识图谱,展示了组织承诺理论的研究自2005年之后,越来越受到人们的关注。通过引文的共引分析,研究该领域的知识演进过程,通过主题词共现分析和突现词探测分析,发现组织承诺研究的热点主要集中在工作满意度、人员流动意向、员工满意度方面,研究前沿主要集中在专业人才等特殊群体的组织承诺研究,以及新型管理手段和人性化管理对组织承诺的影响等。作为一种重要的态度变量,组织承诺可以预测员工的工作绩效、工作满意度和工作退出行为,对企业核心员工的保留以及绩效管理具有重要的现实意义。     

白灵菇产业发展现状、问题及对策

白灵菇是我国具有自主知识产权和明确原产地的品种,以独特的风味、细嫩的质感、丰富的营养以及保健功能受到大众喜爱,栽培规模越来越大。该文对白灵菇产业发展现状、市场前景和存在的问题进行了阐述和分析,并提出了白灵菇产业持续、健康、快速发展的对策。     

法国高等教育和科研部推出科研新政

2013年,法国新政府在教育和科研领域将逐步推进各项改革,其教研部拟推进的主要措施有：取消“盖昂通函”,推行决策会商工作机制,实施超级联合大学计划,颁布新高等教育和科研法,确定未来科研优先领域,强化对欧盟科研影响力和加强科研人才队伍建设等。法国政府希望通过采取以上措施,继续保持法国的世界科技强国地位和优势。     

带形状参数Bézier曲线最小平方降阶逼近

给出了基于L2范数下用m次（m≤m）带形状参数B6zier曲线最小平方逼近n＋1次带形状参数Bézier曲线的方法,同时也考虑了c^0和C^1约束条件下的最小平方降阶逼近．通过解线性方程组可得到新的降阶逼近曲线的控制顶点,降阶逼近曲线的误差也可计算．     

Processing Difficulty Increases Perceived Competence of Brand Acronyms

Unlike previous work that shows that processing fluency leads to positive evaluations, the present research demonstrates that processing difficulty can lead to positive inferences of a brand. In three experiments, we show that when a brand acronym is difficult to pronounce, it is evaluated favourably with respect to competence relative to warmth. In contrast, easy‐to‐pronounce acronyms are perceived as similarly warm and competent. We find that individuals perceive a difficult‐to‐pronounce acronym to be more psychologically distant than an easy‐to‐pronounce one. Furthermore, they perceive competence as a more fitting characteristic of a distant brand than warmth is. We find that this relative fit of competence over warmth results in higher competence evaluations. Theoretical and applied contributions of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Peruco: A Method for Producing Safe and Consistent Microdata

A new method for protecting microdata is introduced. This method, per turbation of u nsafe co mbinations (Peruco), eliminates unsafe combinations in the records in which they occur, by replacing them with safe combinations that are also consistent with the other values in the remainder of the records. Consistency is relative to a set of micro-edits that is supposed to be given along with the microdata. A deterministic optimization model is discussed, as well as possible extensions.     

Generational Differences in the Importance,Availability, and Influence of Work Values: A Public Service Perspective

This study uses a sample of 832 Canadian public servants to test a theoretically derived framework which hypothesizes that generational cohort: (1) predicts the importance public servants place on intrinsic and extrinsic work values, (2) predicts the perceived availability of such rewards in public service workplaces, and (3) impacts the relationship between perceived availability of important rewards, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Our study adds to the limited body of research on generational cohort and work values in the public service. Generational cohort had little impact on the importance of work values, but did predict perceived availability of work‐rewards and the relationship between perceived availability of important rewards, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Findings could help public service organizations' recruitment and retention efforts. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多级维纳滤波测向算法的参考信号优化方法

多级维纳滤波（MSWF）利用接收数据矩阵的正交分解,代替了传统MUSIC算法对协方差矩阵 的特征分解,降低了运算量。为有效提高算法性能,对参考信号的取值进行了研究,发现方 向矩阵的取值对其有很大影响。在参考信号取值结构为阵元接收数据的基础上提出参考信号 取值公式,指出了文中条件下参考信号的最优取值。仿真结果表明,在相同条件下该优化方 法比其他算法有更好的性能,对于提高算法精度具有重要意义。     

比较分析两款CAT软件:SDL Trados Studio 2014和Déjà Vu X3

随着技术的发展,市场上的计算机辅助翻译软件琳琅满目、层出不穷。本文先通过概述CAT软件的发展简史对CAT软件进行介绍,之后通过参考他人文献,发现CAT软件的确有提高翻译效率的作用,确定了研究CAT软件的意义。之后通过五方面的对比,对SDL Trados Studio 2014和DéjàVu X3进行了详细分析。研究最后表明,从功能上和价格上综合而言,DéjàVu X3更胜一筹。