A strategic human resource perspective of firm competitive behavior

Embedded within firms are unique stores of intangible human assets that likely influence the way firms compete. We argue that the human and social capital of a firm, particularly at the upper echelon and board of director (BOD) levels, contribute to the firm's awareness of the competitive environment and its motivation and ability to undertake numerous, complex, and forceful competitive actions. We also suggest that the firm's executive compensation systems moderate the effects of these intangible human assets on firm competitive behavior. By examining how human capital, intra-firm social capital, and executive compensation influence firm competitive behavior, we advance a strategic HRM perspective of firm competitive behavior and outline several implications for future research.     

组织能力与战略管理研究:一个理论综述

如何获取持续竞争优势是企业战略管理研究中不可回避的问题。20世纪末发展的企业能力理论试图弥补传统战略管理和竞争优势理论的不足,着重企业内部资源分析,阐述作为一种特殊资源的组织能力与企业持续竞争优势之间的关系。并通过对组织能力的性质和构成分析,说明组织学习与组织能力培养之间的内在理路。     

以企业文化为切入点提高核心竞争力

企业文化是企业历史积淀下来的精神财富，是企业经营管理最深厚的底蕴。一个企业真正有价值、有魅力能够流传下来的东西，不是产品，而是它的文化。企业文化是提高企业核心竞争力的精神支持。以企业文化为切入点，提高核心竞争力，应注重企业精神与企业价值观的人格化，着眼于对国际企业的文化研究，注重企业良好形象的塑造。     

会计价值机制论

本文认为,市场和企业是组织经济活动的形式,也是组织价值信息传递和价值激励的系统。市场价格机制是在长期市场供求关系作用下而形成的,而会计价值机制是随着企业的发展不断演化,在企业目标引导下组织价值信息传递和价值信息激励,以促成企业目标实现。企业替代市场或取得竞争优势,都是基于相同的原因和两种机制作用的结果,即是通过企业提供的产品或服务的成本低于市场价格而实现的。     

A substitution orbit model of competitive innovations

Successful innovation and diffusion of technology can be attributed to the identification of the orbit of emerging new technologies that complement or substitute for existing technologies. This dynamism resembles the co-evolution process in an ecosystem. In an ecosystem, in order to maintain sustainable development, the complex interplay between competition and cooperation, typically observed in predator-prey systems, create a sophisticated balance. Given that an ecosystem can be used as a masterpiece system, this sophisticated balance can provide suggestive ideas for identifying an optimal orbit of competitive innovations with complement or substitution dynamism.Prompted by such a sophisticated balance in an ecosystem, this paper analyzes the optimal orbit of competitive innovations and, on the basis of an application of Lotka-Volterra equations, it reviews substitution orbits of Japan's monochrome to color TV system, fixed telephones to cellular telephones, cellular telephones to mobile Internet access service, and analog to digital TV broadcasting. On the basis of substitution orbits analyses, it attempts to extract suggestions supportive to identifying an optimal policy option in a complex orbit leading to expected orbit.Key findings include policy options that are effective in controlling parameters for Lotka-Volterra equations leading to expected orbit.     

Competitive equilibrium when preferences change over time

Summary. We show the existence of a competitive equilibrium in an economy with many consumers whose preferences may change over time. The demand correspondence of an individual consumer is determined by the set of subgame-perfect equilibrium outcomes in his intrapersonal game. For additively separable preferences with concave period utility functions that are unbounded above, this demand correspondence will satisfy the usual boundary conditions. Whenever consumers can recall their own mixed actions, this correspondence is convex-valued. This ensures the existence of a symmetric competitive equilibrium.Received: 29 July 2004, Revised: 17 November 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D51, D91, C73. Correspondence to: Thomas MariottiWe thank Michele Piccione for useful comments and suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis or the Federal Reserve System.     

替代产品投放策略与竞争性反应研究

本文首先介绍了产品替代理论，然后回顾了新产品投放及竞争者的反应方面的相关理论研究，在投放策略与反应之间引入信号的概念：根据已有文献研究总结得出企业感知信号的不同类型与其做出竞争性反应的关系。     

基于顾客价值的成本管理——价值链成本分析

在当今竞争激烈的市场环境中,企业要获得竞争优势,就要面向顾客价值,本文论述了企业可以通过核算产品性质成本从而将成本分配到价值链,为成本降低开拓了空间,而价值链分析有助于企业的战略决策,从而获得竞争优势。     

Capacity constrained firms in (labor) markets with adverse selection

Summary. We discuss a competitive (labor) market where firms face capacity constraints and individuals differ according to their productivity. Firms offer two-dimensional contracts like wage and task level. Then workers choose firms and contracts. Workers might be rationed if the number of applicants exceeds the capacity of the firm. We show that under reasonable assumptions on the distribution of capacity an equilibrium in pure strategies (by the firms) exists. This result stands in contrast to the case of unlimited capacity. The utility level is uniquely determined in equilibrium. No rationing occurs in equilibrium, but it does off the equilibrium path. Received: December 29, 1999; revised version: November 30, 2000     

知识管理研究综述

知识管理理论的发展与智力资本、战略理论中知识基础论及认识论等密切相关,根据对知识认识的不同角度可分为知识管理是信息处理工具和知识管理是战略管理工具;知识管理模型可分为知识分类模型、智力资本模型和社会结构模型等三种类型.知识管理理论的进一步发展需要解决知识管理的边界模糊、个人所有的知识转化为组织的知识需要解决隐性知识与显性知识的转化等问题.