风冷节能装置对风冷式机房空调节能作用的研究——风冷节能装置的应用

本文提出了一种新的风冷式机房空调节能设备,该设备通过提高风冷式机房空调的性能来降低机房空调的能耗,并通过理论计算证明风冷节能装置可以有效地提高风冷机房空调的EER,节能效果明显。     

Extended external reporting assurance: Current practices and challenges

This paper summarizes the UNCTAD ISAR WBCSD Webinar—Assurance on Sustainability Reports: Current Practices and Challenges, which explored views and practices on assurance of extended external reporting (EER) and identified challenges and potential ways forward. Stakeholders are demanding more accountability, as reflected in increased publication of EER and regulatory developments. EER can play an important role in rebuilding trust by catalyzing corporate focus and disclosure of business‐centric matters material to stakeholders including strategy, business model, governance, and greater transparency on other material non‐financial matters. Relatedly, EER cannot rebuild trust unless disclosures are credible and viewed as credible. Therefore, it is important that assurance, and other credibility enhancing techniques, is developed alongside EER frameworks and takes account of regulatory initiatives. We expand on lessons outlined during the Webinar by highlighting questions posed by participants, providing a historical overview of European regulatory developments (e.g., Directive 2014/95/EU and a forthcoming revision), providing a historical overview of the IAASB’s development of ISAE 3000 and forthcoming guidance on addressing major challenges aimed at supporting EER assurance, and providing an overview of practice‐focused publications addressing EER assurance. We conclude with an assessment of the way forward in regard to possible changes in the EER institutional setting, potential harmonization of EER standards, and the ability to provide reasonable versus limited assurance. Along with our companion paper (Venter and van Eck, 2021, 32), we contribute to the current discussion on EER assurance by providing a comprehensive assessment of the EER assurance landscape.     

Determination of Renminbi Equilibrium Exchange Rate,Misalignment, and Official Intervention

We use an equilibrium real exchange rates (ERER) model to estimate the equilibrium exchange rate (EER) and hence the misalignment between the EER and actual renminbi (RMB) exchange rate with quarterly data from 1994 to 2012. The effect of various policy changes on this misalignment with a focus on official intervention is then examined. We find that the RMB EER rose 45 percent from 1994 to 2012, mainly due to trade policy and relative technological progress. The central bank’s (the People’s Bank of China) official intervention had quick effect on the misalignment, especially after 2005.     

人民币均衡汇率实证研究文献综述

人民币均衡汇率研究对于完善我国汇率理论,指导汇率调整和汇率制度改革具有重要意义,特别是在人民币连续升值的背景下尤为必要。近年来,人民币均衡汇率成为国内外专家学者关注的焦点,相关研究文献不断涌现。对国内外人民币均衡汇率已有研究文献进行梳理和评述,以明确该领域研究的最新进展,将对今后进一步研究提供铺垫。