Endowed chairs in entrepreneurship: deans’ preferences versus chair holders’ expericences

Business school deans’ feelings about the importance of various teaching research and service activities in the roles played by holders of endowed chairs in Entrepreneurship were contrasted with the views of chair holders themselves, based on their experiences. Differences were highlighted and discussed. Results suggest that the chair holder role is negotiated between multiple constituencies, with deans’ influence being strong but limited. Implications for individuals aspiring to hold chairs are discussed.     

基于教师专业发展的教师团队关键绩效指标体系研究

大学教师的专业发展影响学校的核心竞争力，也影响着培养学生的整体素质。目前比较有效的专业发展是大学教师的专业团队建设。如果能把团队建设和教师专业发展有效结合，不但会促进青年教师的快速成长，也会对学校的未来规划发展起到至关重要的作用。随着团队建设如火如荼的开展，对建设的成果考核是不容忽视的课题，需要考虑在考核时纳入专业发展的绩效考核体系。文章以关键绩效指标为依据，考虑从未来教师专业发展视角来分析团队建设的优势和不足，为后续政策制定、建设规划提供支持。研究结果设计了能够促进教师专业发展的对团队评估的关键绩效考核指标。     

Unions and Gender Pay Equity in Academe: A Study of U.S. Institutions

This paper uses 1994-95 faculty salary data from over 1,100 four-year U.S. academic institutions, about one-fourth of them with collective bargaining agreements, to ask if faculty unions make a difference to gender pay equity. Average gender salary differences are negative at every rank and at every category of U.S. institution with or without collective bargaining agreement. Unions may improve gender salary differentials somewhat, particularly at the assistant professor level. There is no evidence that this gain will be lost at higher levels, and mixed evidence that further gains occur for women at the full professor level. The most pervasive and robust consequence of unions is to increase the positive impact that higher proportions of women at senior faculty ranks make on relative salaries at the assistant professor level. However, the influence of these higher-ranked women on gender salary inequalities at the associate and full levels is lower in union schools than nonunion schools. By reducing the flexibility of existing salary structures, collective bargaining apparently reduces the influence of senior women faculty on the salaries of current women faculty members while increasing their attention and influence at entry levels.     

Sales recruiting—A major area of underinvestment

How does a firm decide whether the amount now being spent to generate sales force applicants is too much, not enough, or about right? This question can be answered by using information routinely generated by corporate activities and a relatively straight forward decision theory technique. To illustrate that technique, an analysis was conducted for a hypothetical but by no means atypical firm. The results suggest that many corporations could appreciably increase their overall profitability by spending more on sales force recruitment and selection.     

Telecommuting: The employee's perspective

Available telecommunication technology enables the substitution of commuting by “telecommuting”, or working at home, for a wide range of white collar occupations. Research on the potential of this phenomenon along with some ongoing experiments point at an array of social and personal benefits that may be realized by this working arrangement. An assessment of the possible implications of work-at-home on the individual employee indicate that the burden on him or her may be greater than the benefits accrued and, therefore, the journey to work may be a more desirable act than traditionally perceived by transportation planners. This paper focuses on two aspects of the work-at-home arrangement. Previous research on the sociology of work as well as preliminary empirical results indicate that 1) social interaction at work and 2) the need to separate home and work roles are important elements for the individual worker. The fact that work-at-home will affect these attributes, is likely to discourage wide-scale transition to this arrangement, despite the availability of the technology. Most research published to date on the subject is qualitative in nature, as only little empirical evidence is available. The objective of this paper is to stress, based on a wide literature review, the need for a thorough behavioral evaluation of the available technology to provide a sound basis for decision making on implementation of the technology.     

The effectiveness of electric utility price regulation in the 1970s a stochastic dominance analysis

This paper examines whether electricity price regulation in the United States has been effective during the period January 1969 through December 1977. Because our analysis provides evidence suggesting that the price-setting system has been ineffective, we extended our study to examine the equability among regulated firms as well as the relationship between firms' asset size and return distributions. These latter examinations shed some light on the quality of the accounting information set, which serves as a major input to the price-setting process.     

Overall corporate strategies for new product programs

The strategy an industrial firm elects for its product development program is increasingly viewed as a critical element of the firm's total corporate strategy. New product development and technology bear an integral relationship to an industrial company's strategic direction by helping to define the range of its possibilities [13]. This article reports the results of an empirical study whose purpose was to identify the major types of innovation strategies that firms pursue—strategy scenarios. A second purpose was to assess which strategies yield the best results.     

Selecting Winning New Product Projects: Using the NewProd System

Separating probable winners from probable losers is the goal of the new product screening task, and Professor Robert G. Cooper has developed a model that does this with remarkable success. In this article, he reviews various approaches to new product screening and then presents the basics of the NewProd model. NewProd now has a history of use in industry that seems to be fulfilling its original research promise. Professor Cooper shows how managers can build their own screening models and outlines how such models can contribute in an important way to better new product selection decisions. Over the years, Professor Cooper has conducted a series of major research projects that have aimed at improvements in the new product process. Their hallmark has been managerial relevance and a sound theoretical foundation. This article, the third that Professor Cooper has published in JPIM , is in the same tradition.     

Export attitudes of industrial manufacturers

Small and medium-sized firms in three “high-tech” manufacturing industries were analyzed, in terms of their export attitudes and behavior, in order to provide beginning exporters and export promotion agencies with guidance to avenues of export success. Based on industry differences investigated, the study finds that managers in firms involved in exporting in each industry have similar attitudes toward international marketing opportunities, but that each industry exhibits different characteristics and strategies for exporting. Help is mainly needed in the areas of international communications and service delivery. The authors propose fewer government subsidies for export financing and more emphasis on encouraging joint ventures for service delivery purposes.