Network concentration and airport congestion in a post de-regulation context: A case study of Brazil 2000–2010

This paper empirically investigates the main drivers of airline network concentration in an air transport market subject to rapid growth. We consider the Brazilian air transport industry of the 2000s, in which network concentration rapidly increased and was followed by a period of massive flight delays and cancelations, which resulted in the “big blackout” of 2006–2007. We develop an econometric model of network concentration, accounting for demand, cost and competition variables that may affect the propensity of carriers to concentrate flights and passenger connections on a few airports of a network. The main focus of the paper is on the relation between networks leading to the problems of the blackout episode. We investigate the dynamic pattern of the evolution of concentration before and after the abnormal period of operations and find that concentration began to rise at least six quarters before, and persisted at a high level until two quarters after the blackout – and then plunged steeply toward the end of the decade. We believe that our analysis contributes to an improved understanding of the behavior of air transport systems subject to network concentration and congestion. With respect to methodology, we suggest and employ the use of alternative measures of network concentration to check the robustness and validity of our results.     

Market structure and competitive conditions in the Arab GCC banking system

This paper investigates the market structure of Arab GCC banking industry during the years of 1993–2002 using the most frequently applied measures of concentration k-bank concentration ratio (CRk) and Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) and evaluates the monopoly power of banks over the ten years period using the ‘H-statistic’ by Panzar and Rosse. The results show that Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and UAE have moderately concentrated markets and are moving to less concentrated positions. The measures of concentration also show that Qatar, Bahrain and Oman are highly concentrated markets. The Panzar–Rosse H-statistics suggest that banks in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the UAE operate under perfect competition; banks in Bahrain and Qatar operate under conditions of monopolistic competition; and we are unable to reject monopolistic competition for the banking market in Oman.     

产业集聚与FDI关系的实证检验——基于中国制造行业数据

本文就FDI与产业集聚的关系进行了简要分析,在此基础上通过构建产业集聚的HHI指数,在面板数据模型中分析了外商直接投资与我国产业集聚的关系,最后得出结论。     

我国数码相机市场集中度的实证分析

通过分析我国数码相机市场2002年到2009年的产业集中度,利用CRn指数和HHI指数推导出我国数码相机产业所处的市场结构类型,根据贝恩的理论划分为寡占Ⅲ型,并接近寡占Ⅱ型,表现出向寡头经济发展的趋势,并进一步分析了造成该产业集中度过高的原因,为民族数码相机产业制定正确的竞争战略提供借鉴。     

Spatial concentration and connectivity of international passenger traffic at Brazilian airports

This paper examines concentration and connectivity of international passenger airport traffic in Brazil. The analysis considers seat supply and scheduled flights from 1999 to 2012. The 2000–2005 period was marked by concentration and limited international flight links, which was followed by the movement to recover capacity and connectivity from 2005 to 2010. Brazil started to liberalize bilateral agreements in 2002, and eventually moved towards the “open skies” concept in 2010, facilitating the process of operational de-concentration and increasing seat supply. The Brazilian government's liberalisation policy through bilateral agreements did not spark off a significant turnaround for national airlines; rather, the revived traffic growth was led by foreign airlines. This movement brought significant changes in the composition of international passenger traffic in Brazil, although changing little in terms of concentration and connectivity. The real change was the dominance of foreign airlines and seat distribution by regions, with the Latin America and Caribbean region shrinking to less than half of the market.     

桂林入境旅游客源市场结构演变规律研究

采用希芬达尔-希斯曼指数(HHI)、聚类分析及波动周期理论,对1990~2003年间桂林入境旅游客源市场结构的演变趋势进行了研究,得出以下规律:桂林入境旅游客源市场呈现波动起伏的发展周期,但稳定性逐渐增强;各入境客源市场特征存在一定的相似性和差异性;入境客源市场集中程度逐渐降低,入境旅游客源细分市场的数量不断增加,且入境客源细分市场之间占有的市场份额差距加大。根据演变规律,提出了深层次开发桂林入境旅游客源市场的对策。     

考虑传输约束与成本差异的电力市场供应集中度量方法研究

在实施反垄断法时常常使用HHI指标来度量市场集中程度,然而当电力市场供应方之间存在地理位置和成本差异时,使用HHI指标测量市场力就会失效.本文基于区域边际定价机制,提出了一种针对电力市场的HHI型指标,并用实例说明了这种HHI型指标具有预测电力市场力的能力.     

国际工程承包市场竞争环境分析方法

后金融危机下国际工程承包市场开始复苏,国际承包商之间的竞争正越演越烈。为了深入分析国际工程承包市场竞争环境,构建了基于市场结构的指标体系,结合蒙特卡洛模拟分析市场竞争态势。比较传统分析结果与模拟分析结果发现,模拟分析结果为判断国际工程承包市场竞争态势提供了更多的信息。趋势图分析指出了市场稳定与否及其外部影响因素,敏感性分析识别出对市场竞争环境影响较大的承包商,获得了承包商基于市场占有率的相关系数矩阵,并据此提出了国际承包商之间的竞合关系模型。应用实例验证了提出方法的有效性,具有较好的实用价值。     

中国食品工业出口贸易结构及竞争力分析

食品工业是国民经济中最重要的制造业部门之一,发达国家基本上都有先进的食品工业,这些国家在国际食品贸易市场起着支配作用,同时食品工业又是一个品种繁杂的部门,一国可以在一个或若干个食品部门具有国际比较优势,因此,测算一国食品工业的国际竞争力水平是有价值的。本文采用联合国统计署国际贸易数据库截面数据,利用赫芬达尔-赫尔希曼指数,分析了我国食品工业出口结构特征以及贸易结构变化趋势,在此基础上,通过出口竞争力指数考察了食品工业出口竞争力。最后,提出要通过重视食品工业的品牌建设和食品安全与品质,来促进食品和饮料制造业的发展,从而提高食品工业的出口竞争力。     

Impact of high-speed rail on market concentration and Lerner index in China's airline market

China has become the second largest air transport market in the world since 2005. Its total length of high-speed rail (HSR) tracks in operation has been greater than that of all other countries combined since 2012. HSR poses a significant challenge to the Chinese airline industry, especially on major airline routes. The impacts of HSR on two market-competition measures, namely, the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) and the Lerner index, are examined in this study. In general, the entry of HSR had the effect of reducing market power measured by both the unweighted and weighted Lerner indexes. However, the Lerner index and HHI of the routes with parallel HSR services remained consistently higher than those of the routes without parallel HSR services.