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互惠性偏好是行为经济理论中的一个重要研究领域,对传统的理性"经济人"假设提出了现实性的挑战。借助于激励理论中的委托--代理模型,通过互惠性假设下与"经济人"假设下的博弈均衡解的对比分析可知,新古典体系中的最优契约均衡存在着帕累托改进的可能。互惠性行为下的经济收益可以大于自利性行为下的经济收益,经济个体可以通过经济行为的调整与分配机制的变更来获取更大的利益,并促进组织利益、群体利益与社会利益的扩张。研究表明,长期在经济理论中居于主导地位"经济人"假设在现代经济社会中的实践性日渐衰退,包括"互惠性"假设在内的非理性假设存在着较高的现实意义。互惠性理论的提出不仅动摇了传统经济理论的基础,也促进了管理理论与管理行为的变革。互惠性理论从一个侧面为行为经济学提供了坚实的理论基础,巩固了行为经济学在现代经济理论中的卓越性地位。 相似文献
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Roger J. Volkema 《Business Horizons》2009,52(6):595
Negotiation is an essential skill for personal well-being and professional success, a skill that begins with identifying and acting on one's wants and needs. Many individuals, however, lack the confidence, motivation, or training to simply ask for what they want in certain situations; for example, when negotiating with an important client. Still others are reluctant to initiate requests in general. This article discusses the personal characteristics and situational factors that influence an individual's likelihood of engaging another party in a negotiation, making a request, and optimizing that request. Herein, specific suggestions are offered for managing this critical phase of the negotiation process via three steps: mental preparation prior to the engagement; positioning prior to, and at the point of, the engagement; and verbal craftsmanship during the delivery of one's request. 相似文献
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农村消费启动与中国经济增长——基于1985—2009年经验数据的实证检验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近年来,我国政府明确提出了有效启动农村消费需求以拉动国民经济增长的战略目标.本文在分析农村居民消费对中国经济增长作用的基础上,结合1985-2009年的经验数据,构建反映我国农村居民消费与经济增长之间互动关系的VAR模型,并运用脉冲响应、方差分解进一步考察了两者之间的互动关系,最后据此提出相关政策建议. 相似文献
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This study investigates the stock return comovement of dividend-paying and nonpaying firms induced by peer effects of dividend payout policies. We consider peer effect as a channel that links a firm’s dividend initiation to firms that did not change dividend status. Dividend initiation attracts investors to the industry and puts pressure on peer firms to change their dividend policy, which leads to return comovement between nonpaying peers and paying firms. Using matched peer firms that resemble dividend initiators, we find that return comovement can be induced through an indirect channel without changes in style or category. Excess return comovement for firms without dividends is observed with dividend payers of the market and their industries through peer influence. 相似文献
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