PEDAKSI: Methodology for Collecting Data about Survey Non-Respondents

The effects of unit non-response on survey errors are of great concern to researchers.However, direct assessment of non-response bias in survey estimates is rarely possible.Attempts are often made to adjust for the effects of non-response by weighting, but thisusually relies on the use of frame data or external population data, which are at bestmodestly correlated with the survey variables. This paper reports the development ofa method to collect limited survey data from non-respondents to personal interviewsurveys and a large-scale field test of the method on the British Crime Survey (BCS).The method is shown to be acceptable and low cost, to provide valid data, and to haveno detrimental effect on the main survey. The use of the resultant data to estimatenon-response bias is illustrated and some substantive conclusions are drawn for the BCS.     

Contemporary Extensions of the Rasch Model

This paper will introduce, discuss and illustrate two contemporary extensions of theRasch model: the one parameter logistic model (Verhelst and Glas, 1995) and theMultidimensional Rasch model (Hoijtink et al., 1999). Using data with respect tothe measurement of schizotypy (Vollema and Hoijtink, 2000) the most importantfeatures of both models will be illustrated. For the one parameter logistic modelthese include: a (discrete) discrimination parameter for each item; a test for itembias; and, estimation of the location of a person on the (latent) trait that is beingmeasured. For the multidimensional Rasch model these include: specification ofthe model; and, model selection. All analyses presented in this paper can be executedusing either OPLM (Verhelst et al., 1995), TESTFACT (Wilson et al.,1984) or ConQuest (Wu et al., 1998). At the end of the paper some features ofmodels and software that have not been discussed will be summarized.     

修宪:日本和平宪法面临困境

日本现行宪法被称作“和平宪法”，从1947年“和平宪法”生效之日起，围绕这部新宪法，特别在是如何看待宪法第九条的问题上，形成了护宪与修宪两大派别。近年来，随着日本试图成为世界政治大国和军事大国欲望的不断膨胀，修宪的势力逐渐占据上风，日本政府也在采取行动，一步一步地突破“和平宪法”的禁区。和平宪法已陷入困境，失去了真实意义。     

Asset indexes and the measurement of poverty,inequality and welfare in Southeast Asia

Using data on household consumer durables from the Asian Barometer Survey, this paper examines the evolution of inequality, poverty and welfare in six countries of South East Asia: Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. We start by deriving the most common order of acquisition of these durables, using first an algorithm proposed by Paroush (1965), and then Item Response Theory. We also compute the frequency distribution of the number of durables owned by households. We then use these results to compute inequality, poverty and achievement or welfare indices adapted to the case of ordinal variables.Our empirical results confirm the existence of an order of acquisition. The results show that inequality was higher in Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines and lower in Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia. A similar classification of countries was obtained when computing multidimensional poverty indices.Finally, using the welfare or achievement index recently introduced by Apouey et al. (2019), we found that welfare was generally higher in Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia and lower in Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines.     

抽样调查中无回答误差的分析与调整

分析无回答误差产生的原因和影响,在抽样调查的过程中,结合市场调查的次序和方式采取无回答误差的预防措施。对已经产生无回答的数据,用样本替代法和加权调整法对缺失数据进行调整,这两种方法都提高了调查数据的可靠性和准确性,有效降低无回答率。     

Fuzzy Rasch model in TOPSIS: A new approach for generating fuzzy numbers to assess the competitiveness of the tourism industries in Asian countries

This study proposes a novel approach, the Fuzzy Rasch model, which combines Item Response Theory (IRT) and fuzzy set theory. This paper applies the Fuzzy Rasch model in Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to analyse the Tourism Destination Competitiveness (TDC) of nine Asian countries: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and the Philippines. The study was conducted in 2009 using 6 criteria and 15 indices. The results demonstrate the feasibility of applying the Fuzzy Rasch model in TOPSIS to analyse TDC in Asian countries. In addition, the proposed model also provides an effective means of applying the MCDM method to study TDC. Furthermore, in 2009, the Asian countries were ranked from most to least competitive as follows: China, Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Taiwan, Korea and the Philippines.     

高等教育成本核算问题的探讨

高等学校作为以教学科研活动为中心的事业单位,虽然不像企业那样直接从事物质资料等有形产品的生产和销售,但同样存在"投入"与"产出"的经济活动,本文通过对高校教育成本概念的界定,成本项目的设立,以及对在教育成本核算中遇到的一些特殊情况进行了初步的探讨,以期对高校建立成本核算制度,实行成本管理有所裨益.     

Co-calibrating quality-of-life scores from three pulmonary disorders: implications for comparative-effectiveness research

Background Efficient use of health resources requires accurate outcome assessment. Disease-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are designed to be highly relevant to patients with a specific disease. They have advantages over generic PROs that lack relevance to patient groups and miss crucial impacts of illness. It is thought that disease-specific measurement cannot be used in comparative effectiveness research (CER). The present study provides further evidence of the value of disease-specific measures in making valid comparisons across diseases.

Methods The Asthma Life Impact Scale (ALIS, 22 items), Living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (LCOPD, 22 items) scale, and Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR, 25 items) were completed by 140, 162, and 91 patients, respectively. The three samples were analyzed for fit to the Rasch model, then combined into a scale consisting of 58 unique items and re-analyzed. Raw scores on the three measures were co-calibrated and a transformation table produced.

Results The scales fit the Rasch model individually (ALIS Chi² probability value (p-Chi²)?=?0.05; LCOPD p-Chi^2?=^?0.38; CAMPHOR p-Chi^2?=^?0.92). The combined data also fit the Rasch model (p-Chi^2?=^?0.22). There was no differential item functioning related to age, gender, or disease. The co-calibrated scales successfully distinguished between perceived severity groups (p?<?0.001).

Limitations The samples were drawn from different sources. For scales to be co-calibrated using a common item design, they must be based on the same theoretical construct, be unidimensional, and have overlapping items.

Conclusions The results showed that it is possible to co-calibrate scores from disease-specific PRO measures. This will permit more accurate and sensitive outcome measurement to be incorporated into CER. The co-calibration of needs-based disease-specific measures allows the calculation of γ scores that can be used to compare directly the impact of any type of interventions on any diseases included in the co-calibration.     

银行业结构与经济增长——来自中国省级面板数据的证据

内容本文利用样本期为1987-2004年的省级面板数据对中国各省区银行业结构与经济增长的关系进行了计量分析。结果表明,中国各省区银行业结构对经济增长存在着显著为负的影响,这与一般均衡模型的理论预测相一致;中国各省区银行业结构与经济增长的关系表现出了明显的区域差异,即与东部区域相比,中西部区域银行集中度降低的益处更大,更能促进经济增长;在非国有化进程较快和市场化程度较高的省区,银行集中度的降低对经济增长的积极影响更为明显。在此基础上,本文提出了一些政策建议。     

目前电算化会计系统的不足及改进思路

计算机被引入到会计领域以来，会计工作的效率得到了极大提高。但是，目前的电算化会计信息系统主要是数据处理速度的提高，并没有改变会计系统的信息处理模式，仍然是基于复式簿记理论的应用，存在许多不足之处，需要用事项会计理论来完善。