排序方式: 共有74条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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最低生活保障制度是我国社会保障体系中兜底性、基础性的制度安排,是保障民生、促进分配公平、维护经济安全和社会稳定的重要机制.本文通过对城市低保制度消费改善与劳动供给效应的综合评估发现,我国城市低保从整体上改善了受助家庭的消费状况,影响了受助家庭的消费结构,起到了提升经济福利的效果,但是对受助家庭的劳动供给激励效应还比较小... 相似文献
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老年人独居比例和孤独感的上升已经成为家庭现代化转型中的典型现象,现有对二者关系的研究忽视了社会网络的视角。基于2014年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据,利用潜在类别分析和logistic回归模型考察了社会网络在老年人独居和孤独感之间所发挥的作用。研究发现,老年人独居并不意味着会感到孤独,不同类型的社会网络加重或缓解了独居带来的孤独感上升。具体而言:第一,老年人社会网络可以分为多元-活跃型、社会-消极型、子女-消极型和单一-活跃型四种类型;资源禀赋丰富的老年人具有多元-活跃型社会网络的概率更大。第二,仅具有子女-消极型社会网络的老年人,单人独居才会显著提升他们的孤独感。第三,单人独居和夫妇独居老年人均会通过多元-活跃型的社会网络缓解自身孤独感。应通过积极的公共政策,从能力建设和社区环境营造两方面,推动老年人社会网络向多元-活跃型转变。 相似文献
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为了解城市低保制度的实施情况,从中发现存在的问题以及解决这些问题的方法,相关研究机构组织了由大学生组成的调查员对邵阳市城区内多个社区两百余户低保受助者进行了走访调查。调查结果显示,低保制度能发挥居民最低生活保障的作用,是一项完成了基本任务的顶层设计;自谋生计是大部分低保受助者的主要经济来源,而低保制度不具备"养懒汉"的经济可能性。 相似文献
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E. Bárcena‐Martín B. Lacomba A. I. Moro‐Egido S. Pérez‐Moreno 《Review of Income and Wealth》2014,60(4):802-820
This paper assesses to what extent differences in the characteristics of individuals (micro‐level perspective) and country‐specific factors (macro‐level perspective) can explain country differences with respect to material deprivation levels. Thus, our work aims to simultaneously consider the macro dimension and the predominantly individually‐oriented study field of material deprivation using multilevel techniques. We make use of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. Our results show that country‐specific factors seem to be much more relevant than individual effects in explaining country differences in material deprivation. We estimate that the introduction of country‐specific factors reduces the proportion of total variance due to between‐country differences in deprivation by 72.7 percent, while individual‐level variables reduce this proportion by only 9.4 percent. We also show, through interaction variables, that the effect of sociodemographic characteristics can be shaped by institutional and structural factors, especially by the level of GDP. 相似文献
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We investigate the effects of inward FDI on income distribution and absolute living standards in Vietnam using census data from 1989 to 2009. We compute the number of employees of foreign establishments in each of Vietnam's provinces for each year, and use that as a measure of local FDI. We estimate the effects of FDI on local households’ living standards as reported in the data, broken down by educational background to allow us to analyze effects on inequality. Estimates based on the repeated cross section indicate that rising FDI in a province is associated with a slight decline in living standards for households there if they do not have a member employed by the foreign enterprises, with only modest gains for households who do have a member employed by the foreign enterprises. These estimates may reflect composition effects, however, since we find large movements of people toward the provinces receiving the FDI. The findings show that measuring the effect of FDI on household welfare is more difficult than measuring the effect of trade policy, and may pose a difficulty for the view of FDI as a general anti-poverty strategy. 相似文献
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我国对城市社区分异的研究综述 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文通过对我国近20年有关城市社区分异研究的系统总结,论述了城市社区分异的社会和地域背景;在对城市社区分异的具体影响因素分析前提下,得出城市社区分异的三大机制,并指出城市社区分异的类型和分异趋势、分异中出现的问题及对策. 相似文献
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从重置到重生:居住性历史文化街区生活真实性的保护 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在居住性历史文化街区的改造中,往往由于忽视对生活真实性的保护,造成保护和更新中的重置现象。从常见的全盘重置、功能重置、居民重置入手,对居住性历史文化街区保护和更新实践进行反思。提出,在居住性历史文化街区保护和更新中,风貌保护是生活真实性延续的基础,功能保全是生活真实性延续的载体,居民保有是生活真实性延续的主体,只有减少重置现象,街区才能真正获得重生。 相似文献
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生活自理能力的形成,有助于培养智障学生的责任感、自信心以及自己处理问题的能力,对智障学生今后的生活也会产生深远的影响。因此,我们针对智障学生的特点与生活自理能力差的现状,有的放矢地对他们进行生活教育,通过生活化的课堂,使智障学生最终学会生活,走向社会。 相似文献
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