对远期外汇合约信用风险的监管

随着远期外汇合约近几年来在我国的逐步推行,外汇市场活跃的同时也增加了外汇交易的信用风险,。要实现外汇市场的有序开放和稳定发展,就必须对其实行有效的风险管理,这包括交易主体对信用风险的识别,处置和外部监管。     

DEFAULT RISK AND DIVERSIFICATION: THEORY AND EMPIRICAL IMPLICATIONS

Recent advances in the theory of credit risk allow the use of standard term structure machinery for default risk modeling and estimation. The empirical literature in this area often interprets the drift adjustments of the default intensity's diffusion state variables as the only default risk premium. We show that this interpretation implies a restriction on the form of possible default risk premia, which can be justified through exact and approximate notions of "diversifiable default risk." The equivalence between the empirical and martingale default intensities that follows from diversifiable default risk greatly facilitates the pricing and management of credit risk. We emphasize that this is not an equivalence in distribution, and illustrate its importance using credit spread dynamics estimated in Duffee (1999) . We also argue that the assumption of diversifiability is implicitly used in certain existing models of mortgage-backed securities.     

Forecasting recovery rates on non-performing loans with machine learning

We compare the performance of a wide set of regression techniques and machine-learning algorithms for predicting recovery rates on non-performing loans, using a private database from a European debt collection agency. We find that rule-based algorithms such as Cubist, boosted trees, and random forests perform significantly better than other approaches. In addition to loan contract specificities, predictors that refer to the bank recovery process — prior to the portfolio’s sale to a debt collector — are also shown to enhance forecasting performance. These variables, derived from the time series of contacts to defaulted clients and client reimbursements to the bank, help all algorithms better identify debtors with different repayment ability and/or commitment, and in general those with different recovery potential.     

现代企业员工流失的影响及对策

员工流失是现代企业管理方面一个影响很大的问题，并且正越来越成为国家、企业倍感关注的话题。作者认为可以通过对员工流失的科学规范管理把员工流失的损失减到最小，并能够为企业带来益处。本文首先分析了员工流失给企业带来的各种影响，既而提出了相应的对策，以期企业有所借鉴。     

"利得、损失"及其会计处理

"利得、损失"作为一对意义相反的经济术语首次出现在《企业会计准则》中,这是新准则较旧准则的一大变化。这一变化更加体现了财务会计反映经济信息的基本职能,可以使会计资料使用人更好地了解企业的经营,以便做出正确的决策。     

CPV模型研究产业集群的经济周期性风险

本文在深入分析Creditportfolio View（CPV）模型的原理基础上，利用了现代信用风险KMV模型计算出我国产业集群的违约概率．然后利用CPV模型进行一系列的运算以校验违约概率，最后分析我国产业集群违约概率值的特点。     

An Analysis of SBA Loan Defaults by Maturity Structure

The financial intermediation literature on small business lending focuses on the determinants and costs to credit access. There is, however, little research examining the repayment behavior of small firms that actually receive loans. In this paper, we address this shortcoming in the literature by examining the default behavior of a sample of Small Business Administration 7(a) guaranteed loans with three distinct maturity structures. We employ a discrete-time hazard approach and show that SBA defaults are time-dependent and that the factors impacting default behavior, as well as its timing, are maturity specific. Specifically, we show the importance of loan maturity, seasoning, economic conditions, and other firm-specific factors in predicting the likelihood of SBA loan defaults. JEL classification: G21     

财政赤字的风险损益分析

财政赤字风险将引起收入分配不公 ,降低资本的效率和减少储蓄 ,危害物价稳定 ,引起各经济主体对赤字的路径依赖并损害经济增长的质量和可持续性。但财政赤字也会带来经济增长和经济结构优化的风险收益。评价和选择财政赤字政策时 ,必须比较赤字的风险收益和风险损失 ,以获取财政赤字风险净收益最大化。     

Incorporating Collateral Value Uncertainty in Loss Given Default Estimates and Loan-to-value Ratios

We present a model of risky debt in which collateral value is correlated with the possibility of default. The model is then used to study the expected loss given default, primarily as a function of collateral. The results obtained could prove useful for estimating losses given default in many popular models of credit risk which assume them constant. We also examine the problem of determining sufficient collateral to secure a loan to a desired extent. In addition to bank practitioners, regulators might find our analysis useful in reviewing banks’ lending standards relative to current collateral values. In particular, the current proposals for The New (Basel) Capital Accord involve options for the use of banks’ own loss given default estimates which might benefit from the analysis in this paper.