碳交易“三可”机制设计及应用

MRV（Monitoring, Reporting, Verification）机制是碳排放权交易体系的基石。欧盟为解决碳交易面临的问题重新审视和出台了最新的MRV机制，这对我国未来MRV机制的设计具有借鉴作用。本文研究分析了符合国际惯例的MRV机制中需关注的几个技术问题，同时也介绍了深圳与国际接轨的一些做法。结合欧盟的新法规给出了中国碳交易体系中MRV机制建立应考虑的重要关注点。     

碳排放权交易机制下提升企业温室气体排放监测报告能力研究

温室气体排放监测、报告与核证（MRV）制度不仅是获取真实准确温室气体排放数据的重要途径,更是进行温室气体减排政策创新、构建基于市场机制的碳排放权交易体系的核心内容。企业作为市场参与的主体,需要不断提升其在温室气体排放监测报告上的能力,以适应市场发展和政策要求。本文在对监测报告制度的理论基础、内涵要求及运行机理进行全面阐述的基础上,分析了我国企业温室气体排放监测报告能力和管理水平建设的现状及面临的主要问题,并提出若干对策建议。     

Heterogeneity and assessment uncertainties in forest characteristics and biomass carbon stocks: Important considerations for climate mitigation policies

The management of forests to store carbon and mitigate climate change has received significant international attention during the last decade. Using in situ data from a 2008–2009 forest inventory field campaign in Sri Lanka, this study describes the structural characteristics and carbon stocks of six natural forest types. This paper has a dual scope: i) to highlight the variation in carbon stored in aboveground biomass within and between forest types and ii) to determine the implications of the allometric equations chosen to calculate biomass carbon stocks. This study concerns work related to climate change interventions, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) and other forest-related, performance-based initiatives that require proper monitoring, reporting, and verification of carbon stocks, sinks and emissions. The results revealed that forests are heterogeneous in terms of tree density and height–diameter relationships, both between and within the six forest types investigated. The mean aboveground carbon stock in the different forest types ranged from 22 to 181 Mg C ha⁻¹, and there were statistically significant differences in the carbon stocks of the six forest types in 7 of 15 cases. The estimated carbon stock depended heavily on the allometric equation used for the calculations, the variables, and its application to the specific life zone. Due to the diversity of forest structures, these results suggest that caution should be taken when applying default values to estimate forest carbon stocks and emission values in reporting and accounting schemes. The results also indicated the need for allometric equations that are context-specific for different forest types. Therefore, new field investigations and measurements are needed to determine these specific allometric equations, as well as the potential variation in forest carbon stocks in tropical natural forests.