均衡汇率理论研究综述

均衡汇率理论经过几十年的发展,已经成为经济学研究的一个重要领域。目前研究比较系统且取得一定成果的均衡汇率理论主要有:基本要素均衡汇率理论(FEER)、行为均衡汇率理论(BEER)、自然均衡汇率理论(NATREX)和均衡实际汇率理论(ERER)。它们分别从不同的角度研究均衡汇率问题。     

Equilibrium Exchange Rates in Transition Economies: Taking Stock of the Issues*

Abstract. In this paper, we present an overview of a number of issues relating to the equilibrium exchange rates of transition economies of the former soviet bloc. In particular, we present a critical overview of the various methods available for calculating equilibrium exchange rates and discuss how useful they are likely to be for the transition economies. Amongst our findings is the result that the trend appreciation usually observed for the exchange rates of these economies is affected by factors other than the usual Balassa–Samuelson effect, such as the behaviour of the real exchange rate of the open sector and regulated prices. We then consider three main sources of uncertainty relating to the implementation of an equilibrium exchange rate model, namely: differences in the theoretical underpinnings, differences in the econometric estimation techniques, and differences relating to the time‐series and cross‐sectional dimensions of the data. The ensuing three‐dimensional space of real misalignments is probably a useful tool in determining the direction of a possible misalignment rather than its precise size.     

External debt and real exchange rates’ adjustment in the euro area: new evidence from a nonlinear NATREX model

In this article, we revisit medium- to long-run real exchange rate determination within the euro area, focusing on the role of external debt. Accordingly, we rely on the NATural Real EXchange rate (NATREX) approach which provides an explicit framework of the external debt–real exchange rates nexus. In particular, given the indebtedness levels reached by the euro area economies, we investigate potential nonlinearity in real exchange rates dynamics, according to the level of the external debt. Our results evidence that during the monetary union, gross and net external debt positions of the euro area countries have exerted pressures on real exchange rate dynamics within the area. Moreover, we find that, beyond a threshold reached by the external debt, euro area countries are found to be in a vulnerable position, leading to an unavoidable adjustment process. Nevertheless, the adjustment process, while effective, is found to be low and occurs slowly.     

均衡汇率理论文献评述

均衡汇率的影响因素复杂多样,导致均衡汇率理论呈现多样性。目前在均衡汇率理论当中,具有影响力的主要有:宏观经济均衡分析方法的均衡汇率理论、FEER、BEER、BPEER、NATREX以及ERER等,它们分别从不同的角度研究现实中不同国家的均衡汇率。     

现代均衡汇率理论评述

详细介绍了现代均衡汇率理论的发展脉络。在依次回顾基本因素均衡汇率理论、行为均衡汇率理论、自然均衡汇率理论和均衡实际汇率理论的基础上进行比较分析,指出了各种均衡汇率理论的优缺点,最后对合理的均衡汇率水平作了定性判断,认为均衡汇率应该是一个区间。