谈岩滩电厂AGC的避振策略及负荷分配

通过对AGC进行升级改造,加入机组避振策略,能够让机组处于良好的工况下运行。避振策略包括设定单机禁止运行区、尽量少穿越振动区、小负荷分配策略、联合振动区判别等。改造后的AGC系统不仅满足调度的调峰要求,还减少了设备的磨损,对岩滩电厂经济运行有明显的促进作用。     

But are they Meritorious? Genetic Productivity Gains under Plant Intellectual Property Rights

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) on the productive merit/yield increases of US seed varieties. As an example, we use wheat varieties, which are and have been available as both protected and unprotected under PVP from both the public and private sectors. We find evidence that PVP has contributed to the genetic improvement of wheat, using varietal trial data from Washington State. As the private open‐pollinated varieties exist only because of PVP and are higher yielding, these results indicate a clear public benefit from PVP.     

Incentives to Reduce Crop Trait Durability

To reduce the competition from farmers who self-produce seed, an inbred line seed producer can switch to nondurable hybrid seed. In a two-period framework, we first investigate the impact of crop durability on self-production, pricing and switching decisions. Second, we study how the introduction of a fee paid by self-producing farmers affects those decisions. We find that the monopolist may produce technologically dominated hybrid seed in order to extract more surplus from farmers. Further, the introduction of a self-production fee improves efficiency.     

王甫洲水电厂监控系统改造分析

文章介绍了王甫洲水电厂监控系统改造存在的问题,阐述了改造实施中主要的技术问题和解决方法。     

Public and private roles in plant health management

World-wide, government institutions play an important role in the management of plant health. This paper develops a conceptual framework in which suppliers and demanders jointly determine the optimal level of plant health in a hypothetical market. Next this paper argues that this market falls short of reaching an optimal plant health situation due to the public good nature of plant health and due to the presence of asymmetric information. A range of commonly applied and novel solutions to this market failure are then discussed.     

Environmental performance and plant closure

This study uses a sample of plant closings as the testing stage to examine the financial consequences of variant environmental performance records and stakeholder pressure levels. It compares 117 manufacturing facilities closing down between 1998 and 2000 to 351 facilities surviving through this period, along four measures of environmental performance. It shows that in the ten years prior to closure, closing facilities reduce their toxics emissions relatively more and incur somewhat stronger community and regulatory pressures than surviving ones. The results persist through alternative versions of the model and suggest that the environmental performance of closing facilities is at least as good as that of surviving ones. The mix of environmental practices of closing facilities differs from that of surviving ones with the former engaging in significantly less recycling of waste than the latter. Closing facilities focus more on end-of-pipe measures while surviving ones engage in more pro-active strategies, consistent with evidence in the literature of a positive relation between pro-active environmental practices and performance. Stakeholder pressures, in some cases (e.g., in pollution intensive industries), may be associated with unrecoverable costs to facilities, including closure, depending on the environmental management choices of the facilities.     

Ecosystem services–biodiversity relationships depend on land use type in floodplain agroecosystems

Managing agricultural floodplains to meet present and future human requirements without jeopardizing biodiversity conservation is a challenge for land use planners and ecologists. This paper aims to disentangle the relationships between ecosystem services and biodiversity in multifunctional landscapes, such as floodplain agroecosystems, by disaggregating their values across land use types. We measured eight ecosystem services (gas regulation, soil formation, nutrient regulation, habitat provision, food provision, raw materials production, education, and recreation) and six plant diversity indexes (richness, abundance, and true diversity for both plant species and growth forms) in seven land use types identified in the floodplain of the River Piedra (Spain). We observed that all land use types provided services to some extent, but each one was better at providing certain services. Natural or semi-natural habitats provided more services and hosted greater diversity than cultivated land use types. In addition, five diversity indexes were strongly correlated to at least three ecosystem services each one. Habitat provision and education were the ecosystem services positively correlating to most diversity indexes, whereas food provision was negatively correlated to all diversity indexes. Moreover, analyzing the interactions between ecosystem services and biodiversity across land use types, we observed that land use type was the controlling factor regarding the sign and significance of the interaction. The results of this study suggest that, in floodplains agroecosystems, a mosaic landscape of different land use types helps support ecosystem services and contributes to maintaining biodiversity while using local resources. Such land use policies might manage agricultural floodplains at the landscape scale while still being able to accommodate specific measures for each land use type. Moreover, riparian forests should be preserved and restored across the floodplain as they are hot spots for biodiversity and ecosystem services provision.     

水电建设对地方经济发展影响实证研究——以云南省永善县溪洛渡水电站为例

基于溪洛渡水电站投资和云南省永善县经济发展数据,采用Granger因果关系检验方法分析水电建设对地区GDP、社会消费和居民收入的影响。研究结果表明,溪洛渡水电站建设投资对永善县GDP、社会消费品零售额和城镇居民人均可支配收入增长具有显著推动作用,但对永善县农民人均收入增长的作用不显著。地方政府应加大转移支付力度,以水电开发建设为契机推动农村基础设施建设和城镇化进程,将水电开发收益惠及更多人群。     

Plant level performance measurement: an exploratory case study of a pharmaceutical encapsulation company

Over the last few decades, hundreds of books and articles have been written on performance measures in manufacturing companies. A good number of those works has focused on overall organizational performance at the corporate level, business unit performance, and individual performance. Barring a few studies, there has been very little work reported on what specific performance measures are used at the plant and department level at a manufacturing facility. This exploratory research, through a case study of a pharmaceutical encapsulation company addresses those issues. Results show that the managers use a wide variety of measures primarily for meeting corporate targets and implementing a gain-sharing plan. There are not many common measures of performance used by managers for decision-making. None of the managers specifically linked the performance measures to the competitive priorities of the products made at the plant. A few propositions and suggestions for future research are made in the paper.     

电力建设项目的质量成本管理研究——以A电厂建设项目为例

以项目质量成本管理理论为依据,结合A电厂工程项目施工的质量成本管理现状,分析了A电厂工程项目在现场安装质量成本管理过程存在的问题,提出了电力建设质量成本管理的理念,总结提出了具体且可操作的质量成本管理对策以及相关问题的运作思路,以此为基础提出电力建设质量成本管理的途径和方法。同时,为其他电力企业加强质量成本管理提供借鉴。