建立基于ISO14000标准的内部环境绩效审计的构想

越来越多的工业企业已按照ISO14000环境管理标准来规范企业环境管理行为,环境审计受到更多的重视,因此,研究ISO14001标准并将其导入内部环境绩效审计显得十分必要.     

Effective selling approaches to buyers' objections

Approaches for responding to an industrial buyer's indecision and price objections were uncovered. When an industrial buyer refuses to make a purchase decision or objects to price, an effective salesperson will seek understanding of the buyer's indecision, consciously look for common underlying objections, address the buyer's specific concern, and establish a decision deadline for the buyer.     

积极应对后WTO时代绿色壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响

加入世贸组织以来,绿色壁垒逐步取代了关税和配额,成为我国农产品出口面临的最大障碍。面对复杂苛刻的技术法规、标准和质量认证制度,要迅速熟悉和掌握WTO的“绿色”规则、应承担的义务和赋予成员的有关权利,加快制定有关法律法规和技术标准,确定与国际接轨的我国产品标准体系。政府和企业要采取多种措施积极应对并最终跨过后WTO时代的新贸易壁垒。     

基于多臂赌博机模型的信道选择

在择机频谱接入系统中,为解决未知信道环境先验知识下的信道选择问题,提出了一种基于多臂赌博机(MAB)模型的改进UCB(Upper Confidence Bound) 索引选择策略。该策略是通过在UCB索引的置信因子中引入收益方差值来调整对未知信道环境的探索过程,以降低探索成本。结合理论证明了本策略有较快的收敛速度,还证明了本策略下的学习后悔值曲线与时隙呈近似对数关系而较缓慢增长。仿真结果表明,与原UCB策略以及贪心算法相比,所提策略更能自适应地选择可用性较好的信道,有效降低学习后悔值并加快其收敛速度,从而提高了系统吞吐量。     

小频偏直接距离校零法原理与应用分析

通过对窄带角度调制／解调的仿真，简要介绍了小频偏直接距离校零方法的基本原理。总结分析了该方法在C频段统一测控系统中的应用情况。     

Variations in municipal bond default risk premia by term-to-maturity

A recent study by McInish of the influence of term-to-maturity on municipal bond default risk premia concluded that default risk premia were not invariant with respect to maturity. That study, as well as an earlier one by Robinson, failed to consider the effects of issuer credit quality. Using a large cross-sectional sample of general obligation bonds sold between 1977 and 1980, the influence of issuer credit quality on the relationship between term-to-maturity and default risk premia is investigated. The results indicate that default risk premia were an increasing function of maturity, and that this effect was larger for lower rated bonds.     

基于PXA255的音频系统实现

介绍了intel公司的PXA255应用处理机以及PHILIPS公司的UCB1400音频处理芯片,在此基础上构成了音频处理系统。文中对系统构建的硬件组成、软件系统的建立方法都做了比较详细的说明。     

Note,advance refunding and municipal bond market efficiency

This study uses the public announcement of an advance refunding to examine the informational efficiency of the secondary market for municipal bonds. The data show that bond yields respond quickly and in the direction predicted. The text discusses methodological considerations and the data sources used in the tests. The results of the study indicate that even for infrequently traded bonds, yields can be expected to reflect fully changes in default risk.     

Rethink Strategy or Perish

Not long ago, the telecommunications industry was a dusty strategic backwater of little interest, primarily concerned with proprietary technologies and enjoying a protected status. Not any more; the application of silicon and software to telecom has obliterated entry barriers, forced open the market, and, according to Mariann Jelinek, created a whole new strategic situation. Telecom is now a highly competitive, innovative, high-technology industry, with a worldwide market. Professor Jelinek suggests that the key to understanding the shift lies in comprehending the new technologies being applied and understanding their impact on the traditional markets and missions of the firms that use them. The lessons of these changes are important for all managers, especially those in mature industries, since microelectronics and software applications seem to know no industry boundaries. They are invading our lives on all sides.     

Some factors determining municipal revenue bond interest costs

This paper tests for variations in risk premiums on municipal revenue bonds that are related to the geographic location of the issuer, the issue's second rating, and secondary collateral provisions. The empirical findings indicate that investors required risk premiums that depended on local economic conditions. Issuer borrowing costs were also shown to be related to factors that cause or reinforce segmentation of the tax-exempt bond market.