Retaining and engaging older workers: A solution to worker shortages in the U.S.

Over the next 20 years, many organizations will experience significant shortages of skilled workers. At the same time, because of longer lifespans and a gradual rise in what society has considered the traditional retirement age of 65, older workers will represent a growing proportion of the American workforce. For a variety of reasons, many of these older workers desire to continue working and, if retained and engaged, they constitute a significant labor source for mitigating the emerging shortages of skilled workers. However, many organizations are not prepared to take advantage of this demographic shift; some even generate barriers that impede the retention and engagement of older workers. In this article, we identify a variety of ways in which organizations can retain and engage older workers to meet their staffing needs and enhance organizational performance. We also discuss the relationship of these proposals to prominent theories of motivation in management.     

Being ignored at work: Understanding how and when spiritual leadership curbs workplace ostracism in the hospitality industry

Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, the present study theorizes that spiritual leadership is negatively related to workplace ostracism, both directly and indirectly via job social support and that employees’ justice orientation moderates the negative relationship between spiritual leadership and workplace ostracism. Based on time-lagged (three waves, two months apart) survey data collected from 252 hospitality employees, our findings reveal that spiritual leadership is negatively associated with workplace ostracism, both directly and indirectly via job social support. We also find that justice orientation strengthens the negative relationship between spiritual leadership and workplace ostracism. These findings not only highlight core theoretical contributions towards the existing literature on spiritual leadership, job social support, justice orientation, and workplace ostracism but also offer useful practical implications for hotel managers concerned about the repercussions of workplace ostracism for employees’ and organizations’ outcomes.     

Constructive deviance as a driver for performance in retail

A growing body of research is concerned with deviance in the workplace. While much research has explored negative forms of deviance, we examine constructive deviance: behaviour that deviates from salient norms and benefits the reference group. We empirically explore manifestations, determinants and performance outcomes of constructive deviance in standardised work processes. We do this through a mixed-methods study in bakery trading departments of an Australian retailer. We illustrate that constructive deviance occurs in these settings and show that some manifestations of constructive deviance improve organisational performance and pave the way for applying constructive deviance as a strategic tool in retail.     

地位竞争动机对个体知识共享行为的影响

知识共享行为是学术界和企业界关注的焦点,虽然以往文献从多个角度和层次研究了组织中的知识共享行为,但忽视了地位竞争动机对个体知识共享决策的内在作用机制。基于地位竞争动机差异,将个体地位动机区分为支配型和威望型,以职场排斥为中介变量、组织公平氛围为调节变量,构建地位竞争动机对知识共享行为的影响过程模型,基于13个组织630套上下级配对样本数据进行实证检验。结果显示,支配型地位竞争动机负向影响知识共享行为,威望型地位竞争动机正向影响知识共享行为,职场排斥、组织公平氛围分别发挥中介效应和调节效应。结果为知识共享领域研究提供了新的视角和框架,揭示了地位竞争动机对知识共享促进和抑制作用的两面性,对企业管理实践有一定的现实意义。     

精神视角下研发团队创新绩效的动力机制研究

借鉴创新成分理论和创造力投资理论,通过对82个研发团队288名研发团队成员的数据分析,聚焦研究精神性因素对团队创新绩效的动力作用机制。分析结果显示：团队精神型领导对工作场所精神和团队创新绩效具有显著正向影响;工作场所精神对团队创新绩效具有显著正向影响,并在团队精神型领导与团队创新绩效的关系具有部分中介作用;集体主义精神调节了团队精神型领导对团队创新绩效的正向影响,集体主义精神越强,团队精神型领导对团队创新绩效的正向影响也越显著;集体主义精神还调节了工作场所精神在团队精神型领导与团队创新绩效关系中的中介效应,集体主义精神越强,该中介效应也越显著。     

领导愤怒表达如何影响员工创新过程投入——一个被调节的链式中介模型

基于EASI模型,结合情绪认知评价理论,构建中国组织情境下领导愤怒表达通过组织支持感与职场焦虑影响员工创新过程投入的链式中介模型,探讨正念的边界条件。研究结果表明：领导愤怒表达对员工创新过程投入具有负向影响;组织支持感和职场焦虑分别在领导愤怒表达对员工创新过程投入的负向影响中起中介作用及链式中介作用;员工正念通过缓和职场焦虑对创新过程投入的负向影响,进而调节组织支持感与职场焦虑的链式中介作用。该研究不仅有助于丰富领导愤怒情绪研究,也可为组织管理者完善情绪表达策略提供启发。     

The managed heart: The structural analysis of the stressor–strain relationship and customer orientation among emotional labor workers in Korean hotels

This study examined the structural relationships among three different dimensions of workplace stressors (customer-related stressor, CRS; work environment-related stressor, WERS; job-related stressor, JRS), negative affectivity (NA), emotional exhaustion (EE), and the negative effect of that strain on customer orientation (CO) in the context of the emotional labor (EL) of frontline employees in the hotel industry. Data were collected from self-administrated questionnaires distributed among frontline employees in room and F&B divisions in Korean deluxe tourist hotels, where EL is intense. The results of the structural equation analysis indicated a positive association between all three workplace stressors and NA and between NA and EE. There was also a relationship in the opposite direction with EE and CO, as hypothesized. The moderating effect of organizational level on the workplace stressors–NA relationships was also confirmed. In addition, in an alternative model, we found that NA partially mediates the relationship between JRS and EE; whereas, NA fully mediates the relationships between CRS/WERS and EE. Practical implications are discussed in detail and limitations of the study and future research directions are also suggested.     

Employee workplace spirituality and pro-environmental behavior in the hotel industry

Pro-environmental behaviors in the workplace are less investigated than those in the public and private spheres. With this in mind, and through the values framework of workplace spirituality (WPS), synthesizing the theories of connectedness and organizational citizenship, the current study proposed a theoretical model to gauge the influence of WPS, a relatively new area of inquiry in organizational research and a neglected field in tourism and hospitality, on hotel employees’ organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE). In this framework, the emerging concept of connectedness to nature (CNS) – a strong cognitive and affective predictor of pro-environmental behavior – was depicted as a mediator, and the construct of environmental awareness (EA) was deemed a moderator. The intended model received support through empirical testing, and results confirmed that WPS is significantly associated with employees’ OCBE, and CNS indirectly affects the relationship between WPS and OCBE, while EA functions as a booster. The theoretical and practical implications of the study were discussed, and a series of contributory managerial implications were described accordingly.     

职场排斥对员工创新行为的影响 ——组织承诺与组织认同的双重中介作用

如何激发员工创新行为是企业关注的重点问题，职场排斥是员工在工作中经常面对的问题，也是影响创新行为的一个重要原因。以自我验证理论为基础，探讨职场排斥对员工创新行为的影响机制。采用多元回归模型对193份员工问卷进行分析，结果表明：职场排斥对组织承诺、组织认同和员工创新行为具有显著负向影响；组织承诺和组织认同在职场排斥与创新行为间起中介作用，职场排斥通过降低员工组织承诺和组织认同，进而抑制员工创新行为。     

Auditors gone wild: The “other” problem in public accounting

Following the scandals involving Enron, WorldCom, and Qwest Communications, the accounting profession has spent the past several years trying to get back on track. While Sarbanes-Oxley may improve the decision-making of audit professionals, and help prevent future large-scale catastrophes that hurt stockholders and bring down firms, there is another problem in public accounting that few consider and nobody has proposed to solve: deviant workplace behavior. Previous research describes deviant workplace behavior as the voluntary behavior of organizational members that violates significant organizational norms and, in so doing, threatens the well being of the organization and/or its members. Building from recent work in various business literatures, this is the first research since the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley to examine workplace deviance at Big 4 accounting firms. Taking a cross-disciplinary, collaborative approach, the authors endeavor to explain why workplace deviance has infiltrated accounting firms and how it is undermining their effectiveness and derailing their long-term prospects for success. After describing its genesis and effects, the authors prescribe several managerial strategies for preventing deviance and minimizing its effects on a firm.