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1.
1985年我国开始推行学生平安保险,2008年9月国家又明确规定将大学生纳入城镇居民基本医疗保障体系,大学生医疗保障体系就此初步建立。但此体系只能提供最基本的医疗保障,大学生医保、学平险所未覆盖的地方或保障不足的地方则需要进一步完善,譬如大学生重疾保障、意外身故等。本文以完善大学生医疗保障体系为目的,重点分析了大学生互助保险基金实行的必要性和可行性,并结合湖北经济学院实际,测算了大学生互助保险基金的缴费水平、收支情况等。分析结果显示,大学生互助保险基金是切实可行的。 相似文献
2.
Rayan S. Fawaz Stéphane Bourliataux-Lajoinie Anna Roessner Shintaro Okazaki 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2023,47(4):1483-1499
While prior consumer studies have adopted various theoretical perspectives to explain individuals' reactions to disasters, scant attention has been paid to the role of ontological security in shaping those responses. This study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by qualitatively exploring ontological security in two contexts: man-made and natural disasters. To this end, we conducted 35 focus groups in the UK, Germany, and France to address how people reacted to terrorist attacks and the COVID-19 pandemic respectively. Through thematic analysis, three themes emerged: fear versus anxiety, oneself versus others, and materialistic versus experiential purchases. Man-made disasters appear to elicit fear, concern for self, and a preference for materialistic purchases, whereas natural disasters seem to trigger anxiety, concern for others, and a preference for experiential purchases. Both types of disasters seem to evoke a desire to escape from reality. In closing, we discuss both transitory and prolonged threats to ontological security and how they shape individuals' behaviours while restoring their security. 相似文献
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Governmental officials, health and safety professionals, early responders, and the public are interested in the perceptions and concerns of people faced with a crisis, especially during and immediately after a disaster strikes. Reliable information can lead to increased individual and community preparedness for upcoming crises. The objective of this research was to evaluate concerns of coastal and central New Jersey residents within the first 100?days of Superstorm Sandy’s landfall. Respondents living in central New Jersey and Jersey shore communities were differentially impacted by the storm, with shore residents having higher evacuation rates (47% vs. 13%), more flood waters in their homes, longer power outages (average 23 vs. 6?days), and longer periods without Internet (29 vs. 6?days). Ratings of concerns varied both among and within categories as a function of location (central vs. coastal New Jersey), stressor level (ranging from 1 to 3 for combinations of power outages, high winds, and flooding), and demographics. Respondents were most concerned about property damage, health, inconveniences, ecological services, and nuclear power plants in that order. Respondents from the shore gave higher ratings to the concerns within each major category, compared to those from central Jersey. Four findings have implications for understanding future risk, recovery, and resiliency: (1) respondents with the highest stressor level (level 3) were more concerned about water damage than others, (2) respondents with flood damage were more concerned about water drainage and mold than others, (3) respondents with the highest stressor levels rated all ecological services higher than others, and (4) shore respondents rated all ecological services higher than central Jersey residents. These data provide information to design future preparedness plans, improve resiliency for future severe weather events, and reduce public health risk. 相似文献
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This paper provides empirical evidence to the theoretical claim that rare disaster risks have predictability for exchange rate returns and volatility using a nonparametric quantile-based methodology. Using dollar-based exchange rates for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, the quantile-causality test shows that indeed rare disaster-risks affects both returns and volatility over the majority of their respective conditional distributions. In addition, these effects are much stronger when compared to those using the British pound, especially in terms of currency returns. 相似文献
6.
Ersin Ancel Ann T. Shih Sharon M. Jones Mary S. Reveley James T. Luxhøj Joni K. Evans 《Journal of Risk Research》2013,16(4):428-451
This paper illustrates the development of an object-oriented Bayesian network (OOBN) to integrate the safety risks contributing to an in-flight loss-of-control aviation accident. With the creation of a probabilistic model, inferences about changes to the states of the accident shaping or causal factors can be drawn quantitatively. These predictive safety inferences derive from qualitative reasoning to conclusions based on data, assumptions, and/or premises, and enable an analyst to identify the most prominent causal factors leading to a risk factor prioritization. Such an approach facilitates a mitigation portfolio study and assessment. The model also facilitates the computation of sensitivity values based on perturbations to the estimates in the conditional probability tables. Such computations lead to identifying the most sensitive causal factors with respect to an accident probability. This approach may lead to vulnerability discovery of emerging causal factors for which mitigations do not yet exist that then informs possible future R&D efforts. To illustrate the benefits of an OOBN in a large and complex aviation accident model, the in-flight loss-of-control accident framework model is presented. 相似文献
7.
介绍了安全预警管理的基本内涵、理论核心及安全预警管理方法,提出了安全预警管理的关键是抓好应急管理、提升员工的安全素质,发挥预警管理为安全生产保驾护航的作用,实现预警管理在事故预防中的价值。 相似文献
8.
本文采用结构访谈法,以3-6岁的120名幼儿为研究被试,探讨了幼儿自我保护能力的现状。结果表明,从总体上来看,幼儿自我保护能力良好,从各维度上来看,幼儿的游戏活动自护、意外防护能力较好,生活活动自护能力次之,心理自护能力较差,城乡差异和年级差异在某些维度上也是存在差异的;中班是进行幼儿自我保护教育的关键时期。 相似文献
9.
Weipeng Fang Jiansong Wu Yiping Bai Laobing Zhang Genserik Reniers 《Process Safety Progress》2019,38(4):e12051
With rapid urbanization in China, many underground utility tunnels have been established these years. This huge underground construction facilitates city life, but may introduce societal risks due to the installation of high-risk pipelines. Natural gas pipelines have the potential to cause catastrophic accident if a gas leakage and a subsequent explosion occurs. The potential hazards in the gas compartments of a utility tunnel are quite different from those in conventional directly buried gas pipelines. This study developed a dynamic quantitative risk analysis method for natural gas pipelines in a utility tunnel. First, potential accident scenarios of natural gas pipelines situated in a utility tunnel were identified and implemented in a Bow-tie diagram based on case studies of typical gas pipeline accidents and expert experience. Then, a Bayesian network was established from the Bow-tie diagram using a mapping algorithm. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the results of probability updating and sensitivity analysis, critical influencing factors were identified. The proposed framework provides a predictive analysis of the gas pipeline accident evolution process from causes to consequences and examines key challenges in gas pipeline risk management in utility tunnels. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog: e12051 2019 相似文献
10.
There have been more and more accidents in the world. Since 1919, numerous accident causation theories (models) have been proposed. However, due to the complexity of previous accident causation models, it cannot avoid accidents effectively. The liners cannot understand the logical relationship between these causations and apply them in practice. The author and the group think that one of the methods used in preventing accidents is to enable people to remember the cause of an accident (namely, human errors) and do the right thing. We offer 24Model (human-thinking, simple and easy-applying) to conduct people to do the right thing for avoiding the accidents. While using the 24Model to explicitly analyze the causes of accidents and then store them in a database in split fields, the statistical law governing accident causation can be deduced. To prevent accidents, Gui Fu and the group call for open data of accident causations for the future preventions. The accumulation and sharing of safety knowledge could promote the safety behaviors, and thus create a safety culture that safety is about doing the right thing. Keypoints: (a) The three kinds and source of unsafe acts directly triggering accidents and disasters are described. (b) The model is a simple, but comprehensive, analytical framework for integrating the findings from accidents. (c) The model can be used to analysis the causes of accidents, form a logical body of accident causes and store them in a database in split fields to enable people to remember and know them. Precis: The unsafe acts arise from the lack of cognition and assessment on hazardous situations, such situations can be improved by reinforcing the safety knowledge of the employees to identify hazards. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog: e12044 2019 相似文献