Differential reporting in Germany - A historical analysis

Based on a contingent perspective of accounting change, this paper reviews the historical development of differential reporting in Germany, by drawing on primary and secondary sources. The main objective of the paper is to shed light on the driving forces and main influential parameters that have shaped the existing differential reporting framework. This historical approach supplies interesting insights for the current discussion on differential reporting in Germany produced by the EU Regulation on the application of International Accounting Standards.     

A MULTINOMIAL APPROXIMATION FOR AMERICAN OPTION PRICES IN LÉVY PROCESS MODELS

This paper gives a tree-based method for pricing American options in models where the stock price follows a general exponential Lévy process. A multinomial model for approximating the stock price process, which can be viewed as generalizing the binomial model of Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein (1979) for geometric Brownian motion, is developed. Under mild conditions, it is proved that the stock price process and the prices of American-type options on the stock, calculated from the multinomial model, converge to the corresponding prices under the continuous time Lévy process model. Explicit illustrations are given for the variance gamma model and the normal inverse Gaussian process when the option is an American put, but the procedure is applicable to a much wider class of derivatives including some path-dependent options. Our approach overcomes some practical difficulties that have previously been encountered when the Lévy process has infinite activity.     

The Effect of Earnings–Announcement Timing on Earnings Management

This paper examines whether firms which delay earnings announcements engage in earnings management. The cross–sectional version of the modified Jones 1995 model is used to estimate 'normal' accruals. Prior research has documented that, on average, delayed earnings announcements are associated with negative earnings surprises. Our evidence suggests that the market anticipates unfavorable earnings news when it observes reporting delays. As a consequence, late reporters appear to make the most of a bad situation by employing income–decreasing accruals in big–bath–type earnings management and in contractual renegotiations. We find that the magnitude of income–reducing abnormal accruals is related to the reporting lag.     

The Recognition and Timing of Deferred Tax Liabilities

Abstract:   This paper examines the characteristics of firms that account for deferred tax liabilities related to government investment grants under an extended adoption timing period. Not only the recognition but also the timing decision is associated with changes in future performance and changes in the debt structure. Recognisers outperform non‐recognisers in the future, while early recognition is related to post recognition performance but only for those firms that currently perform well. Changes in the balance sheet structure are also related to both decisions. Firms with recent increases in the debt level tend to postpone recognition, while currently well‐performing firms that increase their future debt level are less likely to recognise deferred taxes.     

THE JOINT ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE PROCESS FOR THE M/M/l QUEUE

We consider the M/M/1-queue and derive an explicit expression for the joint distribution of the number of arrivals and the number of departures in [0, t), given the number of customers initially present. The derivation is almost purely combinatorial, it avoids the use of generating functions, and immediately yields a simple probabilistic interpretation of the result.     

经济成本核算问题探讨——以医院为例

我国现行的成本核算方法,经过十多年来的不断革新,为国民经济核算和宏观决策提供了大量的信息,起到了积极作用。但在有计划的商品经济体制的新形势下,仍很难适应经济发展和改革的需要,且日益暴露出种种弊端。因此,改进现行成本核算方法是当务之急。本文以医院成本核算为例,探讨了医院建立成本核算体系的措施以及注意的问题。     

我国企业使用过程能力指数情况调查与分析

文章对我国企业使用过程能力指数情况进行了问卷调查。结果显示,我国企业过程能力指数应用中存在的主要问题有：首先,计算过程能力指数的企业不多,且分布不平衡;其次,过程能力指数的可信度不高;再次,不考虑样本的随机性,简单地根据基于样本数据计算的点估计值就给过程的绩效下定论。这些问题的存在,为学者的相关研究提供了视角,也为企业、培训机构、行业协会、有关管理部门开展与过程能力指数有关的活动提供了参考依据。     

高科技企业技术创业过程动态模型研究

依据创业要素,试构了技术创业过程动态模型,并通过对北京中星微电子有限公司创业发展的案例对此模型进行分析,提出技术创业不仅强调技术上的创新,更重要的是对创业资源的不断整合,以形成企业的核心能力,这才是技术创业企业成功的关键因素。     

特殊会计事项对编制现金流量表的影响

销售商品提供劳务收到的现金和购买商品接受劳务支付的现金这两个会计项目的填制应从权责发生制调整到现金收付制,并且要考虑到一些特殊项目的影响,对其作适当的调整;"内部往来"等表外科目在编制现金流量时应分成三部分经营活动、投资活动、筹资活动,然后用总额法兼净额法进行调整.     

销售循环中会计业务流程再造模型之比较

文章基于案例分析建立了2个销售循环中应收账款管理与账龄分析模型.通过对模型17个不同观察点的对比分析,提炼出模型4个类别的基本适应性特征和6个类别的BPR适应性特征,并对模型的应用进行了分析.