美国特许金融分析师认证体系分析

美国“特许金融分析师”(Chartered Financial Analyst，简称CFA)是一种金融投资从业专业资格认证。自从1962年1月，美国“投资管理与研究协会”(AIMR)，通过授予CFA称号来确认从业人员具有高级专业资格。美国投资管理研究协会(AIMR)的“特许金融分析师”认证体系值得我们借鉴。培养和认证中国高级金融分析师，将提高我国金融从业人员的整体素质，增强我国金融业在国际金融市场的竞争力。     

Capitalized intangibles and financial analysts

We examine whether firms that capitalize a higher proportion of their underlying intangible assets have higher analyst following, lower dispersion of analysts’ earnings forecasts and more accurate earnings forecasts relative to firms that capitalize a lower proportion. Under Australian generally accepted accounting principles, capitalization of intangible assets has become increasingly ‘routine’ since the late 1980s. It is predicted that this experience leads Australian analysts to expect firms with relatively more certain intangible investments to signal this fact by capitalizing intangible assets. Our results are consistent with this. We find that capitalization of intangible assets is associated with higher analyst following and lower absolute earnings forecast error for firms with a stock of underlying intangible assets. Our tests suggest a weaker association between capitalization and lower earnings forecast dispersion. We conclude that there are benefits for analysts, for management to have the option to capitalize intangible assets. These findings suggest that IAS 38 Intangible Assets and AASB 138 Intangible Assets reduce the usefulness of financial statements.     

The consequences to analyst involvement in the IPO process: Evidence surrounding the JOBS Act

The JOBS Act allows certain analysts to be more involved in the IPO process, but does not relax restrictions on analyst compensation structure. We find that these analysts initiate coverage that is more optimistically biased, less accurate, and generates smaller stock market reactions. Investors purchasing shares following these initiations lose over 3% of their investment by the firm's subsequent earnings release. By contrast, issuers, analysts, and investment banks appear to benefit from this increased bias, as optimism is more positively associated with proxies for firm visibility and investment banking revenues when analysts are involved in the IPO process.     

Do analysts who understand accounting conservatism exhibit better forecasting performance?

This study investigates the performance of analysts when they match the asymmetric timeliness of their earnings forecast revisions (i.e., asymmetric forecast timeliness) with the asymmetric timeliness of firms’ reported earnings (i.e., asymmetric earnings timeliness). We find that better timeliness‐matching analysts produce more accurate earnings forecasts and elicit stronger market reactions to their forecast revisions. Further, better timeliness‐matching analysts issue less biased earnings forecasts, more profitable stock recommendations and have more favorable career outcomes. Overall, our results indicate that analysts’ ability to incorporate conditional conservatism into their earnings forecasts is an important reflection of analyst expertise and professional success.     

The Economic Relevance of Environmental Disclosure and its Impact on Corporate Legitimacy: An Empirical Investigation

In determining its environmental disclosure strategy, a firm's management faces a tension between responding to the information needs of financial markets and maintaining its legitimacy within the community. In this paper, relying on information economics and legitimacy theory, we explore how firms resolve this tension. Results show that a firm's environmental disclosure enhances the quality of analysts' information context, which ultimately allows them to make better forecasts. Moreover, financial analysts seem to be able to decipher environmental information, discounting discourses that are inconsistent with a firm's underlying environmental performance. We find also that a firm's environmental disclosure serves another purpose, as it influences how its other stakeholders (beyond financial ones) perceive its legitimacy. Such enhanced legitimacy reduces the information uncertainty faced by financial analysts. Our results suggest also that both economic‐based environmental disclosure and sustainable development and environmental disclosure are useful to analysts in making their forecasts and enhance a firm's legitimacy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Financial analyst coverage for U.S. firms facing foreign competition: Evidence from trade liberalization

This study examines financial analyst coverage for U.S. firms following an increase in foreign product market competition. To capture exogenous shocks to domestic firms' competitive environments, we exploit a quasi‐natural experiment from large import tariff reductions over the 1984 to 2005 period in the manufacturing sector. Using data for the years before and after large tariff reductions, our difference‐in‐differences analysis shows evidence of a significant decrease in analyst coverage for incumbent U.S. firms when they face greater entry threat from foreign competitors. We also find that analysts with less firm‐specific experience and less accurate prior‐period forecasts are more likely to stop following the domestic firm when foreign competition intensifies. Overall, the findings suggest that foreign product market competition from global trade liberalization is an important determinant of financial analysts' coverage decisions.     

Disclosure and the cost of equity in international cross-listing

In this paper, we examine the relationship between disclosure level and the cost of equity capital for a sample of international firms cross-listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Increased disclosure has the potential to reduce information asymmetry, reduce the cost of financing and increase analyst following. Using an international asset pricing model, we find that listing firms experience a decrease in both disclosure risk and systematic risk while matching firms do not. Further, we find that the magnitude of the decrease is related to three types of disclosure: accounting standards; analyst following; and exchange/regulatory investor protection. Our results suggest that increased disclosure through accounting standards is beneficial to investors and that disclosure can be accomplished through information intermediaries, e.g., analyst following. For firms with the lowest levels of disclosure prior to cross-listing, all three types of disclosure appear to be valuable.

基于发展预期的农户退耕还林后续产业参与行为影响因素分析——对辽宁省农户的实证研究

以辽宁省为例,利用对彰武、北票的农户调查数据,分析了农户参与后续产业的预期,并通过二分类Logistic模型对农户参与退耕还林后续产业行为的影响因素进行了计量经济分析。研究表明,农户参与后续产业预期不高;农户参与后续产业既受到地块特征等自然因素的影响,也受到户主受教育程度等家庭因素的影响,农户的决策行为表现为有限理性。     

新冠肺炎疫情下管理层业绩预告归因行为研究

基于A股上市公司2020年1—4季度业绩预告归因的研究发现,公司将业绩变化归因于新冠疫情的概率呈现随季度下降的趋势,坏消息归因于新冠疫情的概率显著高于好消息,且这种差异未随季度发生显著变化。业绩预告归因反映了管理层自利性归因与新冠疫情的叠加影响,且在特定情境下投资者能够识别自利性归因。研究结论从微观经济主体和利益相关者感知的角度展示了中国抗击新冠疫情的成效,也为监管部门规范重大外生冲击下的信息披露操纵行为提供了借鉴。     

盈余构成、持续性差异与财务分析师盈余预测——基于我国A股上市公司的经验分析

遵循Sloan的经典研究思路,从分析师对盈余构成持续性差异区分的角度,对我国分析师盈余预测的有效性进行了实证研究。研究发现,我国的财务分析师高估了所有盈余构成的持续性,其发布的盈余预测虽然能够反映出应计利润的低持续性和现金流量的高持续性,但不能恰当地反映出操控性应计利润与非操控性应计利润之间的持续性差异。进一步的研究表明,财务分析师对盈余构成持续性的高估会显著影响其整体盈余预测准确度,这意味着我国财务分析师发布的盈余预测是有一定信息含量的,但在应对复杂会计信息时仍显不足。