批判与继承:二战后法国的地缘政治思想

20世纪60年代末至70年代初,法国国际影响力的大幅衰落、西欧一体化进程的发展以及战后经济社会危机的出现,为法国地缘政治研究的复兴创造了历史与社会背景。在其后几十年时间里,法国地缘政治学者在激烈批判传统地缘政治本体论、认识论及其历史影响的基础上,通过继承法国传统政治地理学的一些基本方法主张,针对20世纪下半叶世界政治发展呈现的诸多问题,在相当广泛的议程上展开了考察。二战后的法国地缘政治思想以其注重文化解读、关注个案分析、拒斥理论归纳的情调风格以及在国际合作、一体化条件下民族国家的地位作用、对广大第三世界国家的案例分析等项议题上的研究,体现出鲜明的法国特色与法国立场,具有广泛的学术与社会影响,为当代地缘政治研究的发展做出了一定的贡献。     

Marx's critique of “eternal” political economy: how Mill is alien to Marx's attacks

Marx deplored political economy's claims to establish “eternal” – or “natural” – laws. This paper seeks to defend John Stuart Mill from his critique. It argues that, contrary to what Marx alleged, these two economists have a great deal more in common on this topic than is frequently realised. Both on the theoretical level and on the political one, Mill's views about the relativity of capitalism seem very close to Marx's. This paper also suggests that Marx may have ignored Mill's insistence on the relativity of economic theories because it may have challenged his own “scientific socialism”.     

The Recent Critique of Theoretical Economics: A Methodologically Informed Investigation

My purpose is to appraise the recent critique of theoretical economics by applying the methodological perspective. Therefore, I start by identifying the main lines of criticism raised against theoretical economics in the aftermath of the post-2008 global economic crisis: namely, the voices criticizing economics for its unrealistic models, excessive mathematization, and overconfidence in its theoretical claims. First, I show that these issues are interconnected and should be jointly analyzed. Next, I investigate these lines of critique from the perspective provided by the latest achievements in the philosophy of economics (e.g., studies on the epistemic role of economic models). Taking this perspective reinforces some allegations against economics (e.g., these voices accusing economists of treating economic laws as universal laws of nature) and makes some criticisms more nuanced (e.g., the issue of unrealistic assumptions). I conclude by stating that such a methodological perspective is necessary in critically apprising the recent critique of economics.     

天安门精神是中华民族伟大复兴的原动力

经过近现代历史练狱的天安门,凝聚有浓烈的批判精神,体现着强烈的时代精神,散发出醇烈的公共精神。天安门精神是中华民族伟大复兴的原动力。     

Habits of thought and cultural tourism

The way cultural tourists think about the people they visit impacts upon their travel experiences. Cultural tourism professionals can benefit by understanding this diversity of thought. By examining four travelogs concerning Native American cultures in the 19th century, the value of new research techniques from consumer behavior which employ methods paralleling literary criticism are demonstrated and related to the empirical evidence at hand. In particular, the works of Sir Richard Burton, Francis Parkman, Washington Irving, and Louis Henry Morgan are compared and juxtaposed. It is hoped that this combining of tourism theory with mythological theory will help the field to mesh with similar developments taking place in marketing and consumer behavior.     

Multidisciplinary Technology Education

Contrary to a tale that is being told in the US, there is no transhistorical, universally pristine organisation of technology. This article resituates technology education in the contested, historico-political terrain to which it belongs. The current, and only, model of the technology discipline is interrogated in order to interrupt a project with roots bound up with a doctrinaire, academic conservatism popularised during the early 1960s. Following a lively critique of the technology mono-discipline, comparative curriculum is used for path-finding and interpretation. Counter to the mono-discipline model of technology, the conceptual parameters of a critical and plural multidiscipline are outlined. ‘Multidisciplinary Technology Education’ (MTE), inspired through efforts in art education, is proposed as a middle path between the technology mono-discipline and Design and Technology. MTE is balanced over four interdisciplines – Practice, Design, Studies and Criticism – with an end in technological sensibility and political sagacity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Expectations and regime robustness in price formation: evidence from vector autoregressive models and recursive methods

The forward-looking linear quadratic adjustment cost (LQAC) model has received attention when modelling prices. Empirical evidence supporting the model seems, however, ambiguous. We find that the LQAC-model is severely at odds with price data for Norwegian machinery exports also when the pure forward-looking rule is augmented by additional lags of the targeted variable. A conditional equilibrium correction (EqCM) model explains the export price behaviour more accurately. Our findings may rule out a large class of expectations based models and not just the particular LQAC-model in the formation of export prices. We also demonstrate that the EqCM-model performs well post-sample despite that monetary policy in Norway has changed from a fixed to a floating exchange rate regime following a recent introduction of inflation targeting. This regime robustness shows that the Lucas critique lacks force empirically in our case.     

Beyond the Linearity Critique: The Knife-edge Assumption of Steady-state Growth

The “linearity critique” of endogenous growth models is presented in a general context of an arbitrary growth model and reassessed. It is argued that presence of linearities is not a valid criterion for rejecting growth models. Existence of exponential/geometrical steady-state growth (i.e. of a balanced growth path with strictly positive growth rates) necessarily requires some knife-edge condition which is not satisfied by typical parameter values. Hence, balanced growth paths are fragile and sensitive to smallest disturbances in parameter values. Adding higher order differential/difference equations to a model does not change the knife-edge character of steady-state growth.     

关系经济地理学产业集群理论研究进展及其评析

关系经济地理学认为,产业集群的网络组织是一个经济、社会、文化俱乐部,是一种科斯制度的形式,由于地理现象的非线性特征,在产业集群的空间经济发展中,社会、文化、制度等因素起着重要作用。文章介绍了关系经济地理学产业集群理论的主要观点,探讨了其研究的新进展,并作出了简要评析。