Firm ownership and internal labour practices in a transition economy

One feature common to many post‐socialist transition economies is a relatively compressed wage structure in the state‐owned sector. We conjecture that this compressed wage structure creates weak incentives for work effort and worker skill acquisition and thus presents adverse consequences for the entire transition economy if a substantial portion of the labour force works in the state sector. We explore firm wage incentives and worker training, as well as other labour practices and outcomes, in a transition setting with matched firm and worker data collected in one of the largest provinces of Vietnam – Ho Chi Minh City. The Vietnamese state sector exhibits a compressed wage distribution in relation to privately owned firms with foreign ownership. State wage practices stress tenure over worker productivity and their wage policies result in flatter wage–experience profiles and lower returns to education. The state work force is in greater need of formal training, a need that is in part met through direct government financing. In spite of the opportunities for government financed training and at least partly due to inefficient worker incentives, state firms, by certain measures, exhibit lower levels of labour productivity. The private sector comparison group to state firms for all of these findings is foreign owned firms. The internal labour practices of foreign firms are more consistent with a view of profit‐maximizing firms operating with no political constraints. This is not the case for Vietnamese de novo private firms that exhibit much more idiosyncratic behaviour and whose labour practices are often indistinguishable from state firms. The exact reasons for this remain a topic of on‐going research yet we conjecture that various private sector constraints, including limited access to formal capital, play an important role.     

Analysing Materials and Energy Flows in an Industrial District using an Enterprise Input–Output Model

Recent approaches to sustainable development leave much room for policies at a local level. In fact, it is becoming evident that targets such as increasing resource productivity, preserving natural cycles, or extending the present level of welfare, are best pursued within the confines of a local area. In particular, environmental changes are best brought about by considering local systems of firms as cornerstones of cooperative strategies and using data on materials and energy use in physical terms. In this paper, an enterprise input–output model is developed for an industrial district, i.e. a local group of firms specialized in the production of a single final output. The model allows for a detailed quantitative analysis of materials and energy flows and the consequent generation of waste and pollution. As a planning tool, the model may be used to evaluate alternative scenarios, such as the possibility of re- using waste taking account of sustainability requirements. An empirical case study applies the model to an industrial district in Southern Italy producing leather sofas.     

简析《劳动合同法(草案)》关于劳动合同订立新规则对企业的影响

《劳动合同法(草案)》是我国第一部对劳动合同制度进行规范的法律草案,它在对《劳动法》中有关劳动合同规范进行调整、补充及完善的基础上,确立了若干新规则,这些新规则将不可避免对企业带来影响与冲击.该文以《劳动合同法(草案)》第二章关于劳动合同订立的规定为基点,从劳动合同订立的要求、试用期条款使用、竞业限制规定、违约金条款、劳务派遣用工等方面来简要分析《劳动合同法(草案)》新规则对企业之影响.     

湖南服务业全要素生产率变动的实证研究

本文使用基于DEA的非参数Malmquist指数方法研究了1996-2005年湖南服务业中的9个行业的全要素生产率的变动状况,并将其分解为技术效率和技术进步.结果表明,在这期间,湖南服务业全要素生产率的平均增长率为5.8%,其增长的主要动力是技术效率的提高;服务业大部分行业的全要素生产率水平都有一定程度的提高,但是增长、降低交替,而非持续增长;10年间除了1998年几乎所有各行业的生产率水平都在下降,而其他年份则各有改善.     

当前我国税制的“税负刚性”特征、效应及政策建议——基于2013-2016年制造业上市公司数据的实证分析

2012年以来,我国经济增速明显放缓,经济结构面临重大调整,制造业普遍盈收水平下滑,而企业的利润税负水平却明显上升,\"税负重感\"增加。究其原因,是我国以流转税为主的税制存在\"税负刚性\"的特征和效应,实则反映了我国税制改革的迫切性。文章利用2013—2016年我国制造业上市公司的全样本数据,证实了\"税负刚性\"的存在性和显著性,并进一步结合其结构性效应的分析,对当前的税制改革提出了相应的政策建议。     

林业企业可持续人力资源管理的目标与激励

提出林业企业可持续人力资源管理的理念,深入探讨林业企业可持续人力资源管理的三个目标和五个层面的激励。     

企业财务信用缺失及其治理

我国企业中普遍存在着财务信用问题。企业财务信用产生的原因既有企业自身造成的,社会环境存在的缺陷造成的,又有法律及信用管理滞后造成的。本文认为,治理企业财务信用危机,提高企业信用水准,需要通过完善法制,强化全社会的道德意识,树立新型的企业经营理念,建立和加强企业内部财务信用管理,构建和逐步完善起我国财务信用管理系统,并形成有效的财务信用管理机制,从根本上治理和消除财务信用缺失,使市场经济健康有序地运行。     

企业青年人才培养的科学策略分析

随着社会经济的发展,企业所面临的市场竞争环境更加激烈,从本质上来说,企业之间的竞争即知识和人才的竞争。青年人才属于助推企业持续发展的重要资源,也是促进企业改革创新的中坚力量。基于此,企业必须要充分认识到青年人才培养的必要性,采取有效策略开展好此项工作。论文结合实际工作对此问题展开了探讨。