Traffic evacuation time under nonhomogeneous conditions

During many manmade and natural crises such as terrorist threats, floods, hazardous chemical and gas leaks, emergency personnel need to estimate the time in which people can evacuate from the affected urban area. Knowing an estimated evacuation time for a given crisis, emergency personnel can plan and prepare accordingly with the understanding that the actual evacuation time will take longer. Given the urban area to be evacuated, street widths exiting the area's perimeter, the area's population density, average vehicle occupancy, transport mode share and crawl speed, an estimation of traffic evacuation time can be derived. Peak-hour traffic data collected at three, midblock, Mumbai sites of varying geometric features and traffic composition were used in calibrating a model that estimates peak-hour traffic flow rates. Model validation revealed a correlation coefficient of +0.98 between observed and predicted peak-hour flow rates. A methodology is developed that estimates traffic evacuation time using the model.     

增加锅炉燃用煤气量的改进实践

文章通过对锅炉煤气系统和锅炉煤气燃烧情况进行实验分析论证得出结论：采用降低煤气系统和煤气燃烧器阻损的方法,能提高锅炉燃用煤气量,改进效果良好。     

议对外商非法撤资的法律规制

进入2008年以后,我国部分地区却密集出现了较为严重的外商非法撤资的情况。非法撤资对当地经济更是雪上加霜,同时造成了企业职工、中方合作者、企业供货商等相关权益人的巨大利益损害。本文通过介绍非法撤资的现状,分析了非法撤资产生的原因以及带来的危害,进而讨论了对非法撤资的法律规制途径,希望能够提出一些有价值的建议。     

自然灾害下的公交疏散路线模型

自然灾害通常给社会带来巨大的危害,以自然灾害所引起的紧急情况作为研究背景,进行应急交通疏散预案研究。讨论自然灾害下的应急交通疏散问题并重点探讨疏散路线设计、疏散时间计算,用以达到在自然灾害发生前将人们转移至安全地点的目的。利用公交车作为疏散工具,将公交疏散路线问题归为带时间窗的车辆路径问题(VRPTW),建立基于VRPTW的公交疏散路线模型,以某地区为案例利用TransCAD软件中的车辆路径功能(VRP功能)设计疏散路线,得到标有疏散时间和疏散路线的地区图形,并最终计算得到每条路线的疏散时间、疏散人数、公交车数等信息。     

超大直径深水盾构隧道人员安全疏散研究

为研究超大直径深水盾构隧道内人员安全疏散方式,以南京和燕路过江通道工程（南段）为研究背景,提出了盾构段采用楼梯和滑梯相间布置的方式来疏散人群。通过分析人员安全疏散参数、疏散时间和模拟人员疏散工况,得到隧道内疏散设施的合理关键参数。结果表明,仅交替设置间距为60m的疏散滑梯和楼梯时,人员必需安全疏散时间最小为535 s,少于可用安全疏散时间1 800 s,满足安全疏散的需要。研究可为同类型隧道的人员疏散方式提供参考。     

外资非正常撤离法律对策的探讨

外资非正常撤离是指未履行在中国的纳税和清算义务的外资退出行为。频繁发生的外资非正常撤离,不仅给中国相关利益方造成了严重的经济损失,而且对中国的投资环境和社会稳定也带来了消极影响。国际金融危机的爆发在很大程度上诱发了外资撤离,但从深层次角度分析,地方政府部门过度追求"经济财政"却是外资非正常撤离的根本原因。在客观认识外资非正常撤离原因的基础上,有必要研究应对外资非正常撤离的法律对策,包括完善和建立外资信用机制、监管清算机制、紧急联动机制、法律追究机制等行之有效的补救机制,减少外资非正常撤离的负面影响,不断完善外商投资法律体制。     

Potential responses by on-campus university students to a university emergency alert

University campuses across Canada and elsewhere are developing and implementing emergency alert systems to warn campus community members about a variety of threats. In this study, focus group discussions were used to examine how undergraduate students living on campus may respond to an emergency alert. A focus group activity used tornado, fire and threatening message alert messages to provide a context for the focus group discussions. After reading the warning message, most students understood the warning message but there was uncertainty about the non-specified threat and how and where to evacuate. Many would believe a message sent by the university as long as it was sent via a phone number that they associated with the university. Personalization of risk varied, and students reported that they would confirm a warning message with a variety of sources including student colleagues, faculty and teaching staff, television and internet sources. Taking protective action by sheltering in place was deemed to be feasible, however evacuation off campus was found to be problematic. We found that the nature of short message service text messages, the characteristics of universities, and the students’ home being in an on-campus residence influenced how the students may respond to an emergency alert message.     

基于FDS与Pathfinder的学生食堂火灾与人员疏散研究

为有效避免食堂火灾的发生,应用火灾模拟软件FDS和人员疏散模拟软件Pathfinder,建立模型对某学生食堂火灾进行数值仿真分析。根据模拟试验所得结果和数据,分析学生食堂发生火灾时烟气运动、温度的分布和能见度的的变化规律以及人员疏散情况。研究结果表明,该模型能够有效模拟分析学生食堂火灾情况;规范并完善食堂后勤管理和私人承包制度,合理设置报警及消防系统将能有效的预防食堂火灾的发生。     

BIM技术在实验研发中心楼运维管理阶段的应用研究

在项目运维中,基于建筑信息模型(building information model,BIM)技术的应用系统顺应时代要求应运而生.为实现项目全寿命周期智能化管理,主要从运维阶段对实验研发中心进行功能剖析和开发,结合实验研发中心楼特殊的性质开展.以某实验研发中心楼工程图纸及行业标准规范为依据,辅以Revit、Pathfinder、BIM FACE等软件为技术支撑,构建及优化实验研发中心3D模型;研究最适宜实验研发中心的逃生路线,并使用BIM FACE二次开发平台搭建了该楼的运维管理平台.     

大型地下商业空间建筑防火设计的几点思考

随着建筑技术及施工能力的飞速提高,加之城市土地的稀缺性矛盾日益突出,建筑正不断追求着向天空与大地的纵深发展。地下空间的有效利用为建筑解决诸多矛盾提供了可能,本文就大型地下商业空间建筑防火设计提出几点思考。