西方监管理论对我国银行监管的启示

西方银行监管已经经历了行政命令式、标准化方法和内部模型法三个阶段,目前预先承诺法这一新的监管方式在发达国家正处于试行阶段.通过对这四种监管理论的比较分析,根据我国金融监管的现状提出了我国银行监管的政策取向.     

农用地分等汇总制图综合知识规则的建立

目前基于知识的地图综合已有一定程度的研究,但大都集中在地形数据或地形图综合知识的研究上,针对某一专题的制图综合知识规则更不多见,主要原因在于专题地图类型的多样性以及对专业知识的特殊要求限制了这方面的研究.因此有必要针对某一领域的专题地图分别建立制图综合知识规则,促进专题地图综合知识的系统化、规范化及专题地图自动综合的发展.因此在现有的各种技术规范和综合规则的基础上,结合农用地分等汇总制图综合的实际工作,较全面的总结农用地分等汇总制图综合过程中需要遵循和运用的知识,包括基于应用的知识、专家知识、图形和拓扑关系知识、语义知识、过程性知识,并用人工智能中的产生式规则进行知识表达.     

产品研制“三化”工作研究与探索

阐述了产品研制"三化"工作意义和内涵,介绍了"三化"工作内容,提出了"三化"工作重点和工作方法。     

Can Findings of Qualitative Research in Education be Generalized?

Most qualitative researchers do not recommend generalization from qualitative studies, as this research is not based on random samples and statistical controls. The objective of this study is to explore the degree to which in-service teachers understand the controversial aspects of generalization in both qualitative and quantitative educational research and as to how this can facilitate problems faced by the teachers in the classroom. The study is based on 83 participants who had registered for a 10-week course on ‘Methodology of Investigation in Education’ as part of their Master’s degree program. The course is based on 11 readings drawing on a philosophy of science perspective (positivism, constructivism, Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos). Course activities included written reports, class room discussions based on participants’ presentations, and written exams. Based on the results obtained it is concluded: (1) almost 91% of the teachers agreed that external generalization in a different social context is feasible; (2) almost 63% of the participants used a fairly inconsistent approach, that is in a theoretical context agreed that qualitative research cannot be generalized and still when asked with respect to the experience of two particular teachers, agreed that generalization was possible; (3) almost 28% of the participants used a consistent approach. Some of the reasons provided by the participants as to why generalization was feasible are discussed. An analogy is drawn with respect to Piaget’s methodology, viz., it was not based on random samples or statistical treatments and still his oeuvre has been generalized (criticisms not withstanding) in both the psychology and educational literature.     

企业集群理论综述

企业集群作为一种组织形式,其发展与产业结构调整、技术创新以及国家和地方经济发展关系十分密切。在大量文献资料的基础上,对一些相关理论进行了归纳与分析,指出了各个派别理论的不足,最后提出了对区域经济发展的指导意义。     

The effect of experience with a brand imitator on the original brand

Imitating the look of an existing successful brand is a common occurrence in today's crowded marketplace. It was found that a negative experience with an imitator brand increased the evaluations of the original brand. A positive experience with the imitator was shown to have the opposite effect, and there was a decrease in the evaluations of the original brand. Subjects also indicated they would be likely to purchase the positive imitator over the original at only a 10 percent price reduction.     

Determinants of Store Brand Share

Private labels or store brands have witnessed considerable growth in the last few decades, especially in grocery products. However, market shares of store brand vary considerably across categories, markets, and countries. A natural question of interest to academics and practitioners is what factors influence store brand market shares. Drawing on a utility framework, we develop 21 consumer, manufacturer, retailer, and product-market characteristics that can influence store brand share. We test the empirical generalizability of the effect of these determinants through a meta-analysis of data from 54 individual and aggregate market studies. Twenty of the 21 determinants show significant, empirically generalizable effects. We discuss the key findings, their implications, and directions for future empirical research.     

Transferability and Naturalistic Generalization: New Generalizability Concepts for Social Science or Old Wine in New Bottles?

Interpretative qualitative social science has attempted to distinguish itself from quantitative social science by rejecting traditional or ‘received’ notions of generalization. Traditional concepts of scientific generalization it is claimed are based on a misguided objectivism as to the mechanisms operating in the social world, and particularly the ability of statements to capture such mechanisms in any abstract sense. Instead they propose new versions of the generalizability concept e.g. ‘transferability’, which relies on the context dependent judgement of ‘fit’ between two or more cases instances made by a researcher. This paper argues that the transferability concept, as outlined and argued by interpretativist methodologists, is thoroughly coextensive with notions of generalizability formalized for natural science and naturalistic social science by philosophers and methodologists of science. Therefore, it may be concluded that the interpretativist claim to a break with received scientific traditions is a premature one, at least with regard to the issue of generalization.     

土地利用图中面状要素缩编的质量评价

研究目的:为保证土地利用图缩编质量,建立土地利用图面状要素缩编的质量评价模型。研究方法:应用模糊综合评判的方法,针对土地利用图中面状要素全覆盖、无重叠、无缝隙等特性,选取曲折度变化率、质心偏移量、土地利用语义、地类面积比例结构以及地图载负量等评价指标,确定各个指标的评价等级和相对权重,建立质量评价模型。研究结果:通过该质量评价模型,比较采用迭代算法和蚁群优化算法缩编的同一个地区,结果显示利用蚁群优化算法进行缩编的效果更好,从而验证了模型的有效性。研究结论:该质量评价模型有助于改进综合算法,改善整个综合过程,保证土地利用图的缩编质量。     

Mixture of MLP-experts for trend forecasting of time series: A case study of the Tehran stock exchange

A new method for forecasting the trend of time series, based on mixture of MLP experts, is presented. In this paper, three neural network combining methods and an Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are applied to trend forecasting in the Tehran stock exchange. There are two experiments in this study. In experiment I, the time series data are the Kharg petrochemical company’s daily closing prices on the Tehran stock exchange. In this case study, which considers different schemes for forecasting the trend of the time series, the recognition rates are 75.97%, 77.13% and 81.64% for stacked generalization, modified stacked generalization and ANFIS, respectively. Using the mixture of MLP experts (ME) scheme, the recognition rate is strongly increased to 86.35%. A gain and loss analysis is also used, showing the relative forecasting success of the ME method with and without rejection criteria, compared to a simple buy and hold approach. In experiment II, the time series data are the daily closing prices of 37 companies on the Tehran stock exchange. This experiment is conducted to verify the results of experiment I and to show the efficiency of the ME method compared to stacked generalization, modified stacked generalization and ANFIS.