Assessing Voluntary Programs to Improve Environmental Quality

The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the use of voluntaryapproaches (VAs) to environmental protection, which has spurned agrowing literature on the relative merits of voluntary vs. mandatoryapproaches. This paper draws on that literature to discuss both thetheoretical and empirical issues that arise in the evaluation orassessment of a particular VA. We consider both the environmentaleffectiveness and the efficiency of this policy approach. Our aim is toaid policymakers in evaluating a specific program or in thinking aboutthe use and design of a VA. We identify some key features that arelikely to increase both the effectiveness and the efficiency of VAs.     

Efficiency measurement with multiple outputs and multiple inputs

This paper discusses modeling technical and allocative inefficiencies in both cost minimizing and profit maximizing frameworks with special emphasis on multiple inputs and multiple outputs. Both primal and dual models are considered for this purpose. In the primal approach we use a separable output and input function (the constant elasticity of transformation output function and Cobb-Douglas input function). The dual models assume translog cost or profit functions. Technical inefficiency is assumed to be random in the cross-sectional models, and fixed firm-specific parameter in the panel data models. Allocative inefficiencies are always treated as input-specific parameters. We derive exact relations linking technical inefficiency and allocative inefficiencies to cost and profit when the underlying technology is represented by a flexible functional form such as the translog. It is shown that appending a one-sided homoscedastic error term to model technical inefficiency, or neglecting technical inefficiency altogether in a translog profit tunciton results in model misspecification and inconsistent parameter estimates.     

Voluntary development of environmental management systems: motivations and regulatory implications

Encouraging firms to develop voluntarily more comprehensive environmental management systems (EMSs) is touted as a policy tool to augment mandatory environmental regulations. Using a unique dataset of environmental management practices of Japanese manufacturers and controlling for self-selection bias in survey responses, we find that proxies for regulatory pressures and consumer pressures are the most important factors that motivate firms toward more comprehensive EMSs. Despite the oft-claimed “voluntary” nature of EMS development, our results show that the government may have a role to play in both directly and indirectly affecting EMS development by firms.      

农村全面小康社会建设进程监测指标与方法完善探讨

本文在正确理解农村全面小康社会内涵和借鉴吸收前人研究成果的基础上，重新构建了一套农村全面小康社会建设监测指标体系和监测方法,     

高校公寓社区化管理背景下大学生思想政治教育路径研究——基于无锡科技职业学院的调查与分析

高校公寓不仅是学生休息生活的地方,更是学生交流思想、实行自我教育、自我管理和自我服务的重要场所。因此,对高校公寓社区化管理背景下的大学生思想政治教育途径研究就显得尤为重要。通过对无锡科技职业学院学生的调查,掌握学生对公寓社区的认知情况,分析学生对公寓社区大学生思想政治教育的一些意见,并提出了进一步加强和改进公寓社区化管理下的大学生思想政治教育的途径。     

Extreme Value Theory and Statistics of Univariate Extremes: A Review

Statistical issues arising in modelling univariate extremes of a random sample have been successfully used in the most diverse fields, such as biometrics, finance, insurance and risk theory. Statistics of univariate extremes (SUE), the subject to be dealt with in this review paper, has recently faced a huge development, partially because rare events can have catastrophic consequences for human activities, through their impact on the natural and constructed environments. In the last decades, there has been a shift from the area of parametric SUE, based on probabilistic asymptotic results in extreme value theory, towards semi‐parametric approaches. After a brief reference to Gumbel's block methodology and more recent improvements in the parametric framework, we present an overview of the developments on the estimation of parameters of extreme events and on the testing of extreme value conditions under a semi‐parametric framework. We further discuss a few challenging topics in the area of SUE. © 2014 The Authors. International Statistical Review © 2014 International Statistical Institute     

论信用概念的本质内涵与信用建设的基本途径

在时下的信用问题研究背景中,经济学一家独语的状况非常明显;即便是在伦理学研究背景下,信用也仅被作为一个关键概念局限于经济伦理领域。但是,要建立一个科学的社会信用制度体系,信用就应该首先被还原出它的作为一个一般伦理学概念的内涵,即它的本质内涵。当代的中国信用建设,仅仅局限于经济学或经济伦理领域来讨论具体的制度建构,无疑要走很多弯路。信用这个概念,正如诚信概念一样,不仅存在于人的经济活动领域,也存在于人的其他重大活动领域。在这些人的种种活动领域中广泛存在的信用概念是紧密联系和互动的,并且存在一定的同步性需求,这种需求的理论化,就是信用概念在一般伦理学语境下的充分讨论。     

现代化商业不诚信的危害及解决途径

中国经济的发展和科技的进步对现代商业和商业现代化产生了巨大的影响。而在中国初级阶段的市场经济环境下,商业"不诚信"这一现象也可能通过现代化的手段造成更大的危害。针对这一状况,可以通过法律、行政、企业等途径的控制与调节解决问题,以保证我国现代商业的健康、持续发展。     

高校大学生职业生涯教育模式构建与实现途径分析

目前,大学生职业生涯教育越来越受到众多高校的重视,并做了大量的工作,但仍存在着许多大学生对自己职业生涯的认识模糊,规划不科学,急功近利等问题。为解决这些问题,本文提出对大学生开展职业生涯教育应根据不同年级学生的特点,实施不同的培训内容与培训方法。最后,本文对如何做好大学生职业生涯教育提出了相应的改进措施。