论流通观念创新

市场经济的实质和核心是交换经济、流通经济;流通不仅是中介,而且直接渗透到再生产的各个领域;流通不是地摊经济,现代流通也要运用高新技术,实现流通现代化;开放是流通的本质特征,市场经济的发达程度与流通的开放程度紧密相连;品牌本身是一种流通现象,品牌形象形成名牌和名牌经济,要在扩大对外开放中让中国自己的名牌走向世界。     

四维度模式下文化的渗透作用分析

文化在推动经济发展方面的作用日益凸显,作者主要就四维度模式下文化的渗透作用进行了系统的分析和研究,并提出了自己的看法。     

大学英语教学中的德育渗透

文沿承中国传统文化——儒家思想"文以载道"的观点,简单阐述何谓德育,德育的历史发展进程,在大学英语教学中渗透德育的必要性和可行性。进而,重点论述了实施过程中应倡导的核心德育理念,应把握的重要德育原则,以及应采用的具体德育方法。笔者力图借助大学英语教学渗透德育。借此,在提高大学生英语水平的同时,提升他们的道德水准和人格魅力。     

Medication,equipment, and supply costs for common interventions providing extended post-surgical analgesia following total knee arthroplasty in US hospitals

Aims: To estimate the cost to hospitals of materials (i.e. medications, equipment, and supplies) required to administer common interventions for post-surgical analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), including single-injection peripheral nerve block (sPNB), continuous peripheral nerve block (cPNB), periarticular infiltration of multi-drug cocktails, continuous epidural analgesia, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA), and local infiltration of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (BLIS).

Materials and methods: This analysis was conducted using a mixed methods approach combining published literature, publicly available data sources, and administrative data, to first identify the materials required to administer these interventions, and then estimate the cost to the hospital of those materials. Medication costs were estimated primarily using the Wholesale Acquisition Costs (WAC), the cost of reusable equipment was obtained from published sources, and costs for disposable supplies were obtained from the US Government Services Administration (GSA) database. Where uncertainty existed about the technique used when administering these interventions, costs were calculated for multiple scenarios reflecting different assumptions.

Results: The total cost of materials (i.e. medications, equipment, and supplies) required to provide post-surgical analgesia was $41.88 for sPNB with bupivacaine; $756.57 for cFNB with ropivacaine; $16.38 for periarticular infiltration with bupivacaine, morphine, methylprednisolone, and cefuroxime; $453.84 for continuous epidural analgesia with fentanyl and ropivacaine; $178.94 for IV PCA with morphine; and $319.00 for BLIS.

Limitations: This analysis did not consider the cost of healthcare providers required to administer these interventions. In addition, this analysis focused on the cost of materials and, therefore, did not consider aspects of relative efficacy or safety, or how the choice of intervention for post-surgical analgesia might impact outcomes such as length of stay, re-admissions, discharge status, adverse events, or total hospitalization costs.

Conclusions: This study provided an estimate of the costs to hospitals for materials required to administer commonly used interventions for post-surgical analgesia after TKA.     

An African success: the case of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe

This paper highlights the limiting factors of agricultural production in Zimbabwe and presents conservation agriculture (CA) as a potential solution to address many of these challenges. CA, based on the three principles of minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention and crop rotations, targets low soil fertility, moisture deficits and low management standards through the use of soil-fertility-enhancing technologies (precision fertilizer application, crop rotations, sequencing and interactions), improved moisture use efficiency and higher standards of agronomic management practices. The paper also explains the role of CA in natural resource conservation as increasing productivity will reduce the land under crop production and increase the area under natural vegetation. Trends in the development of CA in the past five years and its current status in the country are explained, with the roles of different stakeholders outlined. Evidence on the impact of CA on both food security and the environment is presented. In conclusion, the paper looks at the various factors that may affect the spread of CA to different agro-ecological zones in the country.     

Strategic Practice Drift: How Open Strategy Infiltrates the Strategy Process

This paper builds theory on the process of open-strategy infiltration through an ethnographic study investigating how open strategy entered a financial services firm's strategy process behind the backs of top managers. Based on our analysis, we show how open strategy infiltrates the strategy process through a ‘strategic practice drift’, i.e., a gradual and partly unnoticed shift towards open strategy that occurs through ‘accommodating’ and ‘legitimizing’ the performance of transparency and inclusion in the strategy process. We show how the ‘goal-based ambiguity’ and ‘procedural certainty’ of initiatives that latently imply the performance of transparency and inclusion in the strategy process enable open-strategy infiltration. Furthermore, we show how top managers' ‘goal-based rationalization’ and ‘procedural renegotiation’ of practising transparency and inclusion contribute to the eventual reproduction of open strategy in the strategy process. Our model generates an understanding of how and why open strategy can enter the strategy process behind the backs of top managers and adds nuance to extant understandings of the role of top managers in this process. In addition, our findings contribute to research on strategy as practice by theorizing ‘strategic practice drifts’ and extending our understanding of the role of ambiguity therein.     

法国象征主义诗歌对中国现代主义诗歌的影响(下)

法国象征主义诗歌对中国现代主义诗歌的影响，首先是学主题的交鸣与内在情绪的共振，具体表现为对社会、人生的失望而归向内心的体验与思考，在这种心理体验与思考中呈现的是对现实的深刻理性批判，对人类自我的冷峻反省；其次是以纯诗追求为价值目标，分别从诗歌的音乐美、象征美、语言等形式的陌生化方面，表现出对诗歌形式本体意义的影响。     

技校电类课程教学中渗透STS教育的探讨

为了更好地实现技工教育的培养目标,根据技工学校学生的情况和特点,作者对技工学校电类课程教学中如何渗透STS教育进行了较深入的研究,并对在技工学校电类课程教学中渗透STS教育的方法做了初步的探讨。     

大学英语教学中文化知识的渗透

英语教学的最终目的是培养学生的交际能力,而英汉文化差异又是影响学生交际能力的一个重要因素。文章首先探讨了英汉文化差异在几个方面对学生交际的影响,阐述了文化知识渗透的必要性,同时提出在英语教学中如何进行文化知识的渗透。     

人工快速渗滤工艺与BOT模式在阳朔污水处理厂的应斥

文章通过介绍人工土地快速渗滤工艺与污水BOT模式在阳朔污水处理厂的成功应用实例，指出人工快渗、工艺与BOT模式相结合在我国中小城镇污水处理设施的建设运营方面具有良好的应用前景。