China Railway Informalization System Research Based on Reengineering

Consulting concepts of business process reengineering of modem enterprises and according to networked industry characteristics of railway, this article analyzes restructuring experience modes of foreign railway, probes into the trend of China railway restructure, and makes it clear that railway should set up modem enterprise systems by focusing on transport as major trade. As a result, the railway informalization system shall be guided by marketing, aiming at improving the operation efficiency and management benefits, having priority in passenger and goods marketing system development. Central control and safeguarding systems should be emphasized in construction and railway business management systems shall be broueht about.     

新世纪的两大发展趋势—全球化与信息化

本文主要讨论21世纪的两大发展趋势－全球化与信息化。在全球化的分析中主要说明：出现迹象，发生原因及经济全球化呼唤全球政府，全球化的结果将是共产主义的胜利。在信息化的分析中说明了什么是信息化、信息化的内涵要素及信息化对经济和社会的影响。     

企业信息化中CIO内涵与职责的机理研究

培养首席信息官(CIO)人才是一个重要的课题,既需要从理论角度研究．更需要在实践中探索。对于CIO人才的培养是一个系统工程,需要全社会的共同参与。应该在宏观上,积极推进国家级和各级政府的信息资源管理工作。文章从分析CIO的内涵与职责入手．提出了创造条件实施CFO制度的设想．以期时中国建立CFO制度提供参考。     

Formalization by the State,Re‐Informalization by the People: A Gecekondu Transformation Housing Estate as Site of Multiple Discrepancies

This article demonstrates residents' transformative practices and discusses attendant outcomes to contribute to an understanding of state‐built housing estates for people affected by urban transformation projects. It draws upon ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a social housing estate (K‐TOKI) in the Northern Ankara Entrance Urban Transformation Project (NAEUTP). It addresses questions on why formalization of informal housing takes place today, under what conditions it is countered by re‐informalization practices, and what the outcomes of this process are. As informal housing became formalized by NAEUTP, gecekondu dwellers were forced into formalized spaces and lives within K‐TOKI, which was based on a middle‐class lifestyle in its design and its legally required central management. Informality re‐emerged in K‐TOKI when the state's housing institution, in response to the estate's poor marketability, moved out, allowing residents to reappropriate spaces to meet their needs and form their own management system. When cultural norms that are inscribed in the built environment and financial norms that treat residents as clients conflict with everyday practices and financial capabilities, the urban poor increasingly engage in acts of informality. I argue that the outcome of this informality in a formal context is a site of multiple discrepancies.     

建筑业信息化与信息交换标准的构成

分析研究了建筑业信息化的作用、主要内容和实现过程,并对实现建筑业信息化的基础-建筑业信息交换标准的构成进行了研究.     

A Global Alliance against Forced Labour? Unfree Labour,Neo‐Liberal Globalization and the International Labour Organization

The ILO is presently attempting to spearhead a 'global alliance against forced labour'. This article surveys the ILO approach to forced labour, recent theoretical debates regarding forced labour and recent empirical work on bonded labour in India. It argues that the ILO 'ghettoizes' forced labour, and that existing theories do not provide an alternative to this, as they focus on high-level ahistorical models. There is a need to develop specific analyses of the processes underlying both free and unfree labour relations in the present context, and their relation to neo-liberal globalization as well as country-specific conditions. The review of Indian case studies and of aspects of neo-liberal globalization points towards such an analytical approach.