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英国是世界上最早建立社会保障制度的国家之一。英国建立的多层次养老体系以及一直贯彻的“普遍性”原则、“最低”原则和“个人责任”原则,值得我们这样一个发展中的经济转型国家研究和借鉴。 相似文献
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Simon Norris Julia Hagenbeck Stefan Schaltegger 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2021,30(8):3960-3974
Extant literature on sustainable business models highlights that value creation stems from resources exchanged in relationships between a focal firm and its stakeholders. In this context, the literature has, so far, focused on direct relationships. However, despite the acknowledged relevance of sustainability issues in supply chains, this relational view of the focal company and its direct stakeholders has not been extended toward value creation for and with indirect stakeholders, such as stakeholders of suppliers. Addressing this gap, this conceptual article integrates a relational view of sustainable supply chain management into the management of sustainable business models. It extends the scope of sustainable business models from relationships between the focal firm and its direct stakeholders to indirect relationships with stakeholders of suppliers. A framework is developed that supports analysis and management of value-creating relationships between the focal firm, suppliers, and stakeholders of suppliers. By extending the conceptualization of sustainable business models to consider relationship chains beyond direct relationships, this article proposes that a focal firm has to actively manage interactions both with suppliers and with suppliers' stakeholders. 相似文献
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何军华 《黄石理工学院学报》2000,16(2):34-38
介绍了网络并行机群的特点以及目前并行机系统新的发展趋势,分析了网络并行机群环境下,并行数据库数据分布中数据倾斜问题的特点,提出了一种具有适应环境能力的动态数据均衡分配方案。 相似文献
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George G. Fenich Katie L. Vitiello Mandee Foushee Lancaster Kathryn Hashimoto 《Journal of Convention & Event Tourism》2015,16(2):145-158
Meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions are an important segment of the hospitality and tourism industry. The extant study focuses on the incentives or incentive travel. While incentive travel has existed for decades it is a relatively under-researched sub-field of hospitality. The goal of this article is to examine the current state of incentive travel, how it has changed over the past few years, and how it is likely to change in the future. Rather than examine every aspect of incentive travel, this research only looks at “buyers” of incentive travel rather than users or recipients and obtains data only from top-level corporate executives. Thus, the results are of the highest level and highest caliber. It was found that companies have been using incentive travel for decades and find it to be an effective employee motivator and as an incentive to sell product. It also builds morale and relationships. 相似文献
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现金余额型养老金计划是美国职业养老金近年衍生出的创新模式之一,作为混合型计划的一种,其兼具确定给付型和确定缴费型养老金制度的特点。本文运用比较法分析了现金余额型养老金计划的运行机理,进而在分析我国目前职业养老金面,临的困境的基础上,指出现金余额型养老金计划对我国职业养老金建设的借鉴意义,具体包括:DC计划不是职业养老金... 相似文献
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本文在一系列假定条件下分析了中央社保基金投资资本市场对经济增长和包括储蓄、收入分配、消费、价格等在内的宏观经济条件的影响.本文认为,总的来说中央社保基金投资包括股市在内的资本市场对经济增长的影响具有很大的不确定性,其影响主要取决于其他诸多相关因素,并在很大程度上取决于心理预期和政策工具的选择.换言之,在其他条件不变的情况下其影响是很有限的,或者说主要呈中性. 相似文献
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Tomohiko Takeuchi Toshiaki Tachibanaki 《Journal of the Japanese and International Economies》2004,18(4):551-564
This paper investigates the differences between the defined benefit plans (DB) and the defined contribution plans (DC) in the enterprise pension programs in Japan. Attention is paid not only to the effect of labor turnover but also to the difference in various categories of workers, which are classified by gender, education, timing of labor turnover, etc. Also, we take into consideration the effect of interest rates. One important conclusion of this paper is that the DC plan is superior to the DB plan, in contrast to the common belief. J. Japanese Int. Economies 18 (4) (2004) 551–564. 相似文献
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文章介绍了质量技术监督热线服务和商品监控系统的组成,阐述了系统的功能模块设计。结合系统需求说明多层架构和采用delphi开发的多层架构实现。 相似文献