The long overhang of bad decisions in agro-industrial development: Sugar and tomato paste in Ghana

In theory, learning from past mistakes should result in adapted and improved development policy. However policy learning can be difficult to achieve, and the link between learning and policy change is neither direct nor immediate. In this study we look at learning in agro-industrial policy in Ghana, by tracing the interest in sugar production and tomato processing over six decades. Specifically we ask why four failed factories established in the early 1960s have continued to play central roles in both policy and public discourse. Using policy documents, academic material, and the popular press, we show that Ghana’s policy focus on sugar production and tomato processing has endured, despite the fact that the factories were misconceived, poorly sited, ill-equipped and poorly managed. Indeed, the political ideas that underpinned the establishment of these factories in the early days of independence can be seen in the current One District, One Factory policy. We suggest that it is their symbolic and political value, not their economic value, which keeps the discussion around these factories alive. Even when shut down, they are a physical manifestation of historic commitments by the state, and as such they guarantee the attention of politicians, and hold out hope of a next re-launch. Unfortunately as long as the factories continue to be incorporated into each new generation of agro-industrial policy, it is difficult for any alternatives to gain traction. This analysis highlights the very long overhang of bad decisions, particularly when they are associated with physical infrastructure. Learning from past mistakes will only happen if the short-term political cost of turning policy learning into policy action can be overcome.     

青海省挑战极限户外旅游研究

挑战极限户外旅游是一种新兴的旅游发展方向,它可以满足人们寻求刺激和放松身心的需要。通过对青海省发展极限旅游的条件分析,认为青海省可以在登山、攀岩、漂流、自行车赛、汽车拉力赛、徒步探险等十一个项目开展极限探险旅游活动,对推动当地旅游发展潜力巨大。     

城市老年人步行能力与建设其适合的居住区户外环境的研究——以南京市为例

参照国民体质监测方法测试10米步行速度,对调查区域附近部分人、车流量较大道路宽度直接测量和对路口交通信号灯时间值直接观察,调查测定了334名(其中男136名,女198名)60岁以上南京市城市老年人步行速度,了解老年人居住区的住区道路、信号交叉口、住宅建设、公共设施等户外环境的基本情况。结果表明:70岁及以上的老年人即使在健康状况允许快走的前提下仍有一部分无法在绿灯时间里通过街道,与60-69岁组相比呈现急剧上升的趋势。通过分析城市老年人步行能力和居住区户外环境现状,建议优化老年人居住区的交通;完善城市老年人的住宅建设,加强无障碍设计;配齐公共设施,加强社区服务。     

浅析户外音乐节的经济效益和社会效益 ——以咪豆音乐节为例

音乐节作为一种舶来品,在我国得到了迅速的发展.音乐节不仅为举办城市带来了可观的经济效益,也成为提升城市形象的一种重要手段.论文对连续成功举办八届的"咪豆音乐节"进行分析,探讨户外音乐节的经济效益以及对举办城市经济和社会发展的促进作用,希望为我国其他城市举办音乐节提供可行路径.     

中水源热泵地板供暖运行策略分析

为研究中水源热泵地板供暖系统的节能策略,以石家庄市某实际运行小区的中水源热泵地板辐射供暖系统为对象,引入室外综合温度的概念,综合考虑室外气温、太阳辐射热与风速等环境因子的影响,推导得出了地板辐射供暖系统质调节情况下,保证热用户舒适度的二次网供、回水温度调节公式。经实际运行测试,由该调节公式计算得出的二次网供、回水温度作为地板辐射供暖系统分时段质调节的依据,可以在满足热用户舒适度要求的情况下,取得良好的节能效果。中水源热泵系统与地板辐射供暖系统的结合及推广为城市集中供热提供了新思路。     

Ethnic factors and the use of public outdoor recreation areas: The case of Mexican Americans

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of subculture, marginality, and perceived discrimination on use of selected public outdoor recreation areas. The assimilation perspective from the sociology literature provided theoretical guidance for the study. These concepts were treated as different types of social distance (cultural distance, socioeconomic distance, and intergroup distance). Each was hypothesized to affect the use of outdoor recreation areas. Data for this analysis came from telephone interviews conducted with 1057 households in Maricopa and Gila counties in Arizona. The analysis was conducted using a subsample of respondents of Mexican ancestry. The results support the socioeconomic, or marginality, hypothesis. There was less support for the subcultural, or ethnicity, hypothesis. There was no support for the perceived discrimination hypothesis. Research implications and recommendations are discussed.     

Media constructions of risk: a case study of the Stainforth Beck incident

In October 2000 two schoolgirls were swept away from their party whilst ‘river walking’ in Stainforth Beck near Settle in North Yorkshire. The paper examines this incident with reference to media coverage of the events at the time and the subsequent reportage. The discussion contributes to the debate concerning the appropriateness of an agenda of broadening education. We argue from a position that supports the principle of breadth, particularly when such activities are part of adventure education with its propensity to engage with outdoor risk settings. Whilst lessons must be learnt from such a tragic incident, it is important that outdoor professionals continue to disseminate the positive potential of adventure in order to offset the negative messages concerning risk promoted by the media in general.     

上海石化户外钢结构腐蚀与防护对策研究

对上海石化户外钢结构的腐蚀情况进行调查，并取样分析失效的涂层。提出了3套户外钢结构防腐方案予以试验，研究了石化户外钢结构的防腐措施。     

Attitudes toward outdoor recreation development: An application of social exchange theory

A research project was undertaken within a multi‐county region in southeastern Ohio to ascertain the attitudes of local residents toward future outdoor recreation development within the area. A systematic random sample of 1493 respondents was drawn from a five‐county region to test a theoretical perspective developed from selected components of social exchange theory. The findings demonstrated that the respondents held very favorable attitudes toward outdoor recreation development. Multivariate analysis of the data revealed that the theoretical model was basically supported. The findings are discussed from both applied and theoretical perspectives.     

无市政给水时高层建筑的室外消防给水设计初探

本文结合《高层民用建筑防火规范》,介绍了在没有市政给水的情况下,高层建筑小区室外消防给水三种方案,结合其设置要求、安全性、工作原理分析了系统特点和局限性,并推荐最优方案。