Pharmaceutical cost‐sharing systems and savings for healthcare systems from parallel trade

This paper studies the consequences of parallel trade in a two‐country model. It compares a coinsurance scheme (consumers pay a percentage of the drug price) and an indemnity insurance scheme (reimbursement is independent of the drug price) with respect to changes in copayments and public health expenditure. In the destination country, copayments for patients decrease to a larger extent under indemnity insurance, whereas reductions in public health expenditure occur only under coinsurance. In the source country, copayments increase less under coinsurance, whereas health expenditure is reduced more under indemnity insurance. In both countries, total expenditure under parallel trade is lower.     

重心定理在进度控制中的运用

该文主要讲述重心定理的含义以及在进度控制中如何运用它来解决两个平行工序顺序化的问题，并用一个例子说明其步骤，最后给出三条结论。     

Blocked-Error-R 2: A Conceptually Improved Definition of the Proportion of Explained Variance in Models Containing Loops or Correlated Residuals

Bentler and Raykov (2000, Journal of Applied Psychology 85: 125–131), and Jöreskog (1999a, http://www.ssicentral.com/lisrel/column3.htm, 1999b http://www.ssicentral. com/lisrel/column5.htm) proposed procedures for calculating R ² for dependent variables involved in loops or possessing correlated errors. This article demonstrates that Bentler and Raykov’s procedure can not be routinely interpreted as a “proportion” of explained variance, while Jöreskog’s reduced-form calculation is unnecessarily restrictive. The new blocked-error-R ² (beR ²) uses a minimal hypothetical causal intervention to resolve the variance-partitioning ambiguities created by loops and correlated errors. Hayduk (1996) discussed how stabilising feedback models – models capable of counteracting external perturbations – can result in an acceptable error variance which exceeds the variance of the dependent variable to which that error is attached. For variables included within loops, whether stabilising or not, beR ² provides the same value as Hayduk’s (1996) loop-adjusted-R ². For variables not involved in loops and not displaying correlated residuals, beR ² reports the same value as the traditional regression R ². Thus, beR ² provides a conceptualisation of the proportion of explained variance that spans both recursive and nonrecursive structural equation models. A procedure for calculating beR ² in any SEM program is provided.     

分布式并行计算网格系统的设计与实现

基于网格计算技术提出了一种分布式的有限元并行计算网格系统的原型DPFEM的构建方法.探讨了DPFEM的系统设计目标,系统平台,软件配置以及系统运作机制.     

3自由度并联机器人的研究现状和应用前景

3自由度并联机器人具有结构相对简单、高刚度、低惯性力、大载荷和高速能力的特点,在工业生产及其他领域有着广阔的应用前景,引起了越来越多的学者的广泛兴趣。     

设置三角形阻流件的通道内流体流动特性研究

对常物性流体在通道内的周期性充分发展层流流动特性进行二维数值计算分析,所研究的通道是由两平行平板和交错布置于两平行平板上的多个三角形阻流件构成。给出了不同阻流件高度、顶角和间距以及不同Re 数下的流函数图和阻力特性曲线。     

Reflexive loops on scaling issues in landscape quality assessment

Though most landscape ecologists have integrated scaling issues in their works, these issues are often disregarded in landscape perception and preference studies. Researchers base their studies on a predefined single scale to assess the landscape, and they pay little attention to the scale specificity of their analysis and recommendations. We reconsidered three landscape assessment studies from our research unit in light of scaling issues. In addition to the scale of the assessed landscape, researchers should address the scale of the landscape surrogate that is submitted for assessment, including the spatial references of the people surveyed and the target level of application of the results. Indeed, many of the landscape assessment methods mix different landscape notions and scales. Therefore, we recommend the cautious use of these assessments, the integration of qualitative insights in addition tithe scoring and paying attention to the perception scale, as defined by Fairclough (2006).     

药品平行进口的影响及政策取向分析

专利药品平行进口对药品专利权人及消费者利益产生不同的影响。根据药品平行进口产生的原因及我国的国情,我国应坚持区别对待的适度平行进口政策。     

大东金沙江大桥设计方案

大东金沙江大桥跨越金沙江,结合受控因素其主桥设置为1520m双塔单跨钢桁梁悬索桥.索塔采用门型框架结构,横梁为预应力混凝土结构.加劲梁采用板桁结合钢桁梁,以适应山区受限的施工场地,桁高9.5m,弦杆水平中心距31m.主缆采用预制平行钢丝索股,骑跨式索夹及吊索.两岸锚碇为隧道锚,其中一岸设置缆洞索股入山.引桥采用钢混组合...     

一种基于再生伪码测距的遥测信号测距方法

为了简化深空探测器无线测量系统设计,解决下行系统受功率、带宽等因素限制遥测信号和测距信号权衡设计问题,在再生伪码测距技术的基础上,提出了一种基于遥测信号测距的新方法,以遥测数据符号代替测距伪码的功能,利用地面跟踪环路对遥测信号的跟踪测量实现下行测距,减少了独立的下行测距信号。分析和仿真结果表明：新方法简化了下行信号形式,降低了系统实现复杂度,在遥测码速率为100 kbit/s左右时,随机测距误差优于传统再生伪码测距模式,且随着遥测码速率的增加测距精度进一步改善。