Will FinTech make regional banks superfluous for small firm finance? Observations from soft information-based lending in Germany

Regional banks have a competitive advantage in that short distances to clients enable the use of soft information for superior lending decisions. If the ambition of FinTech start-ups to create superior screening and monitoring technologies materialises, this advantage would be diminished and regional banks would become superfluous for small firm finance. To explore this claim, the paper in hand analyses qualitative empirical data about the lending processes and rating system use of regional German savings banks. In essence, the results from participant observation and interviews clarify the importance of “real” soft information for critical lending decisions. The context specificity and limited verifiability of “real” soft information hamper it from being hardened through the use of rating systems and other bank-ICT. Though FinTech's scoring technologies may overcome the first limitation, it appears likely that in the course of scoring development “real” soft information will be systematically crowded out due to the manipulation problem. The paper expects improved access to finance for SMEs if FinTech solutions overcome both limitations of “real” soft information use, or if peer-to-peer lending and regional banks coexist. Deteriorated access to finance is expected if FinTech companies displace the relationship banking of regional banks due to enhanced competition, without preserving the advantages of “real” soft information with superior screening and monitoring technologies. The paper concludes with recommendations on how to prevent deteriorated access to finance for small firms by promoting fair competition and FinTech innovations.     

WSN中基于网络编码的协同点对点信息交换算法研究

针对无线传感器中的节点调度传输问题,提出了一种基于网络编码的协同点对点信息交换算法。由于该算法不仅能够充分利用无线信道的广播特性,而且使用了协同点对点信息交换,从而有效地弥补了PIE算法在数据包的个数大于节点数目的情况下,性能不理想的缺陷,实现了传输次数的减少。仿真结果表明,所提算法的传输有效性明显地优于PIE算法和最少优先算法。     

The Ethics of Innovation: p2p Software Developers and Designing Substantial Noninfringing Uses Under the Sony Doctrine

This essay explores the controversy over peer-to-peer (p2p) software, examining the legal and ethical dimensions of allowing software companies to develop p2p technologies. It argues that, under the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Sony betamax case, technology developers must be accorded the freedom to innovate and develop technologies that are capable of substantial noninfringing uses. This doctrine, known as the Sony doctrine, provides an important safe harbor for technological development, including p2p. The safe harbor, however, does not immunize conduct beyond the design, sale, or supply of the product. For other conduct that falls outside the Sony safe harbor, the traditional standards of secondary liability apply.     

Online piracy in the context of routine activities and subjective norms

Why do mainstream consumers who would not typically engage in illegal behaviour routinely resort to online piracy of copyrighted software? This paper provides answers to this research query by applying routine activity theory and the theory of reasoned action. The paper’s study analyses consumers’ role as possible offenders that can have the opportunity to engage in online software piracy as part of their routine online activities. Although it is problematic to measure the exact magnitude of the negative impact on the US economy, as stated by the Government Accountability Office it is sizeable. After analysing the conceptual model using a US national consumer sample of over 700 consumers, results show the influence of proximity to motivated offenders, target suitability, and capable guardianship on consumers’ attitudes and perceived subjective norms towards online software piracy, as well as their intentions to engage in this illegal behaviour on the Internet. By integrating routine activity theory, a criminology theory with the theory of reasoned action from psychology and analysing a widespread online software piracy phenomenon, several academic and practical contributions are made.     

P2P流量识别技术研究

随着P2P技术的广泛使用,P2P应用虽然丰富了人们的生活,但部分P2P应用严重的影响了企事业单位的正常办公,并且为不良信息的广泛传播提供了便利。如何有效的识别并控制P2P流量已成为当前Internet技术中越来越重要一项研究,本文对P2P流量的识别进行了深入的研究,并提出了字段特征与PDU格式两种有效的识别方法。     

How Firms’Ownership Structure Impacts Online Peer-to-Peer Lending Performance in China

A dramatic surge in online peer-to-peer(P2P)lending emerged in China,where(under conditions of credit deficiency)it took only three years for the size of the P2P lending market in China to reach four times that of the United States and ten times that of the United Kingdom.The literature indicates that ownership structure is an important factor that influences P2P lending firms’performance,while research on the underlying mechanisms remain insufficient.This study analyzes the data of P2P lending companies between June 2016 and March 2017.The results demonstrate that although ownership structure has minimal direct effect on the turnover volume and number of lenders and borrowers,it moderates the effects of firm age,interest rate,and loan term on firm performance.These results enrich the property theory and shed light on how P2P lending firms with different ownership structures could succeed when there is institutional deficiency.     

基于成员组的局部信任模型研究

信任机制作为对等网络安全问题解决方案,在国际上得到广泛研究,并取得许多重要成果。文章分析了信任机制的特点、性质和组成,重点分析了一种P2P网络信任模型:基于成员组的局部信任模型,并给出下一步可能的发展方向。     

基于P2P技术的VOD系统研究

由于流媒体数据流具有严格的前后时序关系,多媒体文件又与一般的数据不同,较大的传输负荷将使得网络丢失和拥塞的概率大大增加,因此如何提高音视频传输的服务质量是流媒体技术所面临的最大挑战。文章主要研究流媒体终端系统的服务质量控制,以求在多个上行带宽受限并存储有媒体的节点上利用终端的一些控制策略进行满足播放速率也就是帧率的点播,使用户尽可能享受到好的服务质量并尽量减轻网络的负担。     

区块链辅助航天数据分发的可行性分析及方案设计

为了快速准确、安全可信地分发海量航天数据,基于区块链技术的可溯源和不可篡改等特性,提出了一种新的航天数据分发方案.首先,在总结传统航天数据分发服务不足的基础上,分析了区块链技术在航天数据分发领域的优势以及应用过程中可能遇到的重点问题,并给出了可能的解决方法;其次,从技术架构、节点部署、模块划分3个角度设计了基于区块链的...     

P2P网络借贷监管的国际经验及对我国的借鉴

伴随着我国P2P网络借贷行业的增长,由监管真空所导致的风险事件已引起了监管层的高度关注。我国P2P网络借贷存在的问题主要源于民间借贷的法律缺失,长期实施的机构监管模式以及金融约束政策,相对弱势的行为监管以及行业组织。在美国,原有制度较好地适应了对P2P网络借贷的监管,关注点较多体现在对于审慎监管与行为监管,以及对于市场效率与消费者保护之间的权衡,其将P2P网络借贷纳入证券监管框架的制度设计目前依然存在一定的争议;在英国,从"三方监管"向"双峰监管"架构的转变是当前P2P网络借贷监管体系形成的制度背景,因此其较为重视行为监管与消费者保护,行业自律在监管中发挥了极其重要作用,当前英国的P2P网络借贷监管体现出明显的从严趋势。