浅谈价值工程在地下管线探测项目设计方案评价中的应用

价值工程作为一种将功能与成本、技术与经济相结合而进行技术经济评价的方法,又称为价值分析。本文通过结合地下管线探测项目的具体实例,探讨了在具体的施工过程中,为了在降低工程成本的同时能够有效的保证施工工程的质量和进度,如何采用价值工程的方法选择以及优化施工组织设计的方案。实践证明,在施工项目中应用价值工程的方法不仅能够完善施工方案,还能有效确保施工进度并且能够有效提高利润,最重要的是还能够很好的保证施工质量。     

Capability accumulation,innovation, and technology diffusion: Lessons from a Base of the Pyramid cluster

Although research on industry clusters has made many valuable contributions, a dearth of empirical evidence and theoretical reflection about the characteristics of Base of the Pyramid (BOP) clusters has persisted. Consequently, the literature still lacks a framework that incorporates the context, challenges, and dynamics encountered in such clusters. Drawing from clusters, capability accumulation, and innovation literatures, we develop a theoretical framework that provides a more fine-grained understanding of the dynamics encountered in BOP clusters, the role of support organizations, the importance of capabilities accumulation in firms, and the challenges associated with technology development and diffusion within such settings. We use case study research method conducted in a traditional granite-mining cluster in Brazil, based on 154 interviews with key informants between 1999 and 2011. Our findings suggest that BOP clusters present different dynamics when compared to clusters elsewhere, because of the existence of idiosyncrasies such as additional barriers to technology diffusion, especially when coupled with a lack of coordination and misaligned policy approaches. We contribute to the literature by arguing that the process of technology diffusion in BOP clusters is hindered by these barriers, and that technology development without wide diffusion within BOP clusters can become a source of social exclusion and wealth concentration. Moreover, in large emerging economies, global pipelines are not necessarily the only path for BOP clusters to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable growth, as suggested in the clusters literature.     

减压阀(调节阀)在兰成渝管道中的应用

减压阀是长输管道的重要设备之一,能够通过调节长输管道的压力大小进而实现对管道安全的保护。本文根据减压阀在兰成渝输油管道应用八年以来的实际经验,从减压阀的结构及原理、维护保养、维修安装、常见操作及故障分析等几个方面介绍减压阀以及其在应用过程中的改进。     

超临界350MW电厂四大管道国产化应用分析

目前超临界机组四大管道采用进口产品带来的一系列问题,如价格昂贵,采购周期长,管道制造过程质量无法监督控制,造成电厂基建费用增加,建设周期长,现场安装前检验发现诸多质量缺陷等。通过对国内钢厂所生产的四大管道化学成分、性能指标分析及调研已应用国产化四大管道情况,为某350MW电厂机组四大管道国产化提出建议。     

油气管道完整性维护研究

近年来,社会各界和企业开始越来越关注油气管道的安全问题,因为人们开始意识到社会对油气的需求越来越大,然而由于油气介质具有易燃易爆的特点,再加上输运油气的管道一般都需要经过很多的地域才能到达目的地,这些地域又具有自然环境条件多变的特点,很容易出现安全事故,为了有效的避免这一问题,我们应该加强对管道的维护管理,保证输送安全,提高管道使用寿命。如此一来输油的成本难免会增加,所以应该采取一种有效的优化方法来保证维护管理的可行性。在这种情况下,管道完整性维护决策系统应运而生了,它不仅能够有效的避免安全事故的发生,还具有很高的经济可行性。     

Creating comprehensive leadership pipelines: Applying the real options approach to organizational leadership development

Typically, firms consider leadership development (i.e., training focused on skills required for success in leadership roles) and succession planning (i.e., the creation and implementation of long-term plans that address changes in top leadership roles) as two distinct organizational initiatives. In recent years, however, scholars and practitioners have called for a new, more comprehensive approach that considers the organization as a system. Rather than considering succession planning and leadership development as distinctly different initiatives, organizations should work to create internal leadership pipelines that span entry-level employees to executives. To leverage potential advantages associated with instituting comprehensive leadership pipelines and to address practical concerns associated with risk and talent management, we propose the introduction of incremental investment in organization-wide leadership development programs via distinct, evaluative stages – a real options reasoning (ROR) approach to leadership. We argue that blending ROR with skills-based leadership models diversifies risk associated with investments in talent management and increases the ability for targeted, purposeful investment in potential organizational leaders.     

小城镇排水管网科学管理与效能提升

排水建设管理单位在重视建设排水管网的同时科学管理排水设施,提高其使用效能,对有效控制水体污染,提高小城镇综合功能和增强可持续发展能力都具有重要现实意义。     

Pricing flexibility under rate-of-return regulation: Effects on network infrastructure investment

When a commodity market relies upon a regulated network service industry—e.g., telecommunications, electricity, or natural gas transmission—economic efficiency in that commodity market is a crucial consideration for regulatory design. This is because insufficient infrastructure investment relative to network demand results in congestion. The extraction of associated rents has distortionary effects on commodity spot market prices. Greater regulatory flexibility in network pricing can alleviate such issues by cultivating the incentives needed for stakeholders to invest in transmission capacity. To illustrate this effect I derive and numerically solve stylized optimality conditions for access and usage prices for a gas pipeline operator under alternative regulatory models. My results have general implications for regulation in network infrastructure industries, as energy and telecommunications markets are expected to expand considerably over the coming decades.     

Are freight pipelines a pipe dream? A critical review of the UK and European perspective

Freight pipelines represent a novel way for the movement of freight transport and offer an alternative to conventional transport modes. The aim of this paper is to examine the potential for this transport mode within the UK and Europe. Firstly, the latest technological developments are identified, building on the last major review by Howgego and Roe (1998). There is then an analysis of the policy landscape towards freight pipelines, as successful implementation will require the support of policy makers. Finally, some of the major benefits and issues with freight pipelines are highlighted. We conclude that there are still opportunities for the use of freight pipelines, but that further research is yet required to fully understand the supply chain, logistics and other related activities that the introduction of this technology may influence. This is because systems which are presently in commercial operation have exhibited excellent characteristics, although they have not been more widely adopted.     

高压燃气输送管道涉路工程主要风险分析及防控措施

通过高压燃气输送管道涉路工程安全性分析,从技术及管理角度提出防范风险的主要措施。