Motives behind retailers’ post-entry expansion - Evidence from the Chinese luxury fashion market

This study aims to examine the motives behind retailers’ post-entry expansion in foreign markets. Through case studies of eleven participating luxury fashion retailers in China, qualitative data was collected from twenty-two executive interviews. Although their initial market entry was driven by both reactive (push) and proactive (pull) factors, the motives behind their post-entry expansion have become predominantly proactive, especially long-term growth strategies, the ambition to extend their brands and retail formats to more cities, and the experiences gained in entry markets. The desire to optimize the retail store portfolio through multiple channel strategies have slowed down the expansions of physical stores.     

市域(郊)铁路车辆选型方案探讨

随着城镇化进程的加快和城市经济辐射能力的增强,以特大城市中心城为核心的都市圈逐渐形成,都市圈内的经济联系更加紧密,都市圈核心区与外围的出行需求迅速增长,市域(郊)铁路的概念被引进,选择符合市域(郊)铁路特点的车辆类型是设计的重点。     

关于铁路精益生产指标体系及其作用的经济学分析

在铁路精益生产制推行过程中,要特别重视指标体系的构建及其作用的发挥。考核指标体系构建紧密结合铁路运输生产特点和生产流程,以完整运输产品供给为导向,以信息化为基础,以组织模式优化为保障,注重精益生产考核指标体系的激励性。     

三线铁路荷载作用下箱梁桥荷载横向分布系数

文章运用有限元程序对三线铁路预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥进行了模拟,分析了三线铁路荷载作用下箱梁的受力特性及在各种荷载工况下荷载横向分布规律,给出了荷载横向系数的实用值。     

铁路运输客货管理机制的探讨

随着我国加入WTO和铁路全面参与运输市场竞争,必须尽快构建适应市场需求的铁路客货管理的动力机制和运作机制,以激发企业和员工搞好营销的内在活力,同时要构建铁路客运和货运的服务质量评价指标,以及相应的质量监督和考核管理办法,做到各项管理活而不乱、管而不死,使铁路客货运输服务质量不断提高,以满足不断增长的经济和社会发展需要。     

发展中枢辐射铁路物流的探讨

传统的铁路物流组织模式有其局限性,已难以满足市场对快速运输的需求,铁路企业的改革势在必行。在阐述中枢辐射铁路物流表现形式的基础上,分析铁路企业发展中枢辐射铁路物流的必要性和可行性及所面临的困难,同时就铁路企业如何发展中枢辐射铁路物流提出了建设性意见。     

建立铁路公益性运输补偿机制的探讨

铁路公益性运输超越了企业的职能范围,企业应当得到国家补偿。为此,建议按照依法、据实补偿原则,以税收抵扣方式进行补偿,以利于铁路运输企业的积累和发展。     

新财务清算政策下提高铁路城际列车效益的思考

近年来,铁路短途城际客运得到了很大的发展,开行城际列车已成为铁路运输企业新的经济增长点。新财务清算政策实施后,开行城际列车的效益受到一定程度的影响,针对存在的问题,就如何提高其效益水平进行了讨论。提出了完善开行结构、增加营业收入、减少客运付费、降低成本支出等建议措施。     

自动化驼峰作业预想控制法

襄樊北站驼峰自动化控制系统于2001年11月28日正式投入运用,根据该系统在运用中出现的问题及产生原因,通过采用自动化驼峰作业预想控制法,将人的作业经验与自动化精确控制相结合,取得了扬长避短充分发挥自动控制作用、提高编组站驼峰作业能力的效果。     

The European high-speed train network: Predicted effects on accessibility patterns

The principal aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the future European high-speed train network on accessibility, by reducing time distance between places and modifying their relative location. We compare the current situation with that foreseen for the year 2010, according to the Outline Plan of the European High-Speed Train Network, in order to analyse which areas will most benefit from construction and improvement of the infrastructure. It is hypothesized that the high-speed train will certainly bring the peripheral regions closer to the central ones, but will also increase imbalances between the main cities and their hinterlands. A weighted average distance indicator is applied for this purpose. This measure identifies the spatial distribution of accessibility in the area of study, emphasizing the infrastructure effects, and locates accessibility changes at the European level. A Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used to carry out this study.