人类后基因组研究进展

人类对自身基因组的研究不断发展，已从结构基因组学转向功能基因组学阶段。本文概述了人类后基因组的研究内容及进展状况。     

岷江上游生态重建的模式

本文在分析岷江上游干旱河谷区生态环境问题的基础上，阐述了该区生态退化是脆弱的自然生态环境和人类的不合理经济营活动综合作用的结果，指出生态恢复与重建必须与经济建设紧密结合，走生态经济发展之路，将岷江上游干温河谷区划分为干旱河谷粮果林生态我，中山，亚高山林药菌生态林业区，高山灌丛草甸，草甸生态特业区，并提出了不同的生态经济类型区的生态恢复与重建模式，最后，论述了生态恢复与重建的工程措施，生物措施及管理措施。     

Improving an outpatient clinic utilization using decision analysis-based patient scheduling

This study presents a predictive model to be used in scheduling patients in an urban outpatient clinic. The model is based upon actual patient characteristics from a physical therapy clinic within an urban health and wellness center situated in a public university. A number of reported patients' characteristics such as age, education level, distance from the clinic, historical attendance records, etc. were examined to determine if they significantly impacted the patients' missing scheduled appointments (no-shows.) Decision tree analysis was used to develop a model that assessed the likelihood of a patient's no-show, using key patient characteristics and attendance records. Such a model can be used to assist with scheduling patients in an outpatient clinic, while attempting to increase the clinic's overall utilization. Four tree growing criteria were examined to develop the model with the strongest predictive power. Predictive power of each method was assessed by using the entire dataset as well as using split sampling. The results were then compared with those of a Bayesian networks model and a neural networks model. In addition, the trade-off between the selected decision tree model's predictive power versus simplicity of the associated classification rules was examined. We also assessed the impact of various levels of overbooking on the clinic's utilization when using patients' schedules based on the predictive model.     

When does economic model type become a decisive factor in health technology appraisals? Learning from the expanding treatment options for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Objectives: Specific economic model types often become de facto standard for health technology appraisal over time. Markov and discrete event simulation (DES) models were compared to investigate the impact of innovative modeling on the cost-effectiveness of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Fingolimod was compared to dimethyl fumarate (DMF; in highly active [HA] RRMS), alemtuzumab (in HA RRMS) and natalizumab (in rapidly evolving severe RRMS). Comparator DMTs were chosen to reflect different dosing regimens.

Materials and methods: Markov and DES models used have been published previously. Inputs were aligned in all relevant respects, with differences in the modeling of event-triggered attributes, such as relapse-related retreatment, which is inherently difficult with a memoryless Markov approach. Outcomes were compared, with and without different attributes.

Results: All results used list prices. For fingolimod and DMF, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were comparable (Markov: £4206/quality-adjusted life year [QALY] gained versus DES: £3910/QALY gained). Deviations were observed when long-term adverse events (AEs) were incorporated in the DES (Markov: £25,412 saved/QALY lost, versus DES: £34,209 saved/QALY lost, fingolimod versus natalizumab; higher ICERs indicate greater cost-effectiveness). For fingolimod versus alemtuzumab, when relapse-triggered retreatment was included in the DES, large cost differences were observed (difference between incremental cost is £35,410 and QALY is 0.10).

Limitations: UK payer perspective, therefore societal approach was not considered. Resource utilization and utilities for both models were not derived from the subpopulations; as the focus is on model type, input limitations that apply to both models are less relevant.

Conclusions: Whilst no model can fully represent a disease, a DES allows an opportunity to include features excluded in a Markov structure. A DES may be more suitable for modeling in RRMS for health technology assessment purposes given the complexity of some DMTs. This analysis highlights the capabilities of different model structures to model event-triggered attributes.     

The visible hand: the role of government in China’s long-awaited industrial revolution

China is undergoing its long-awaited industrial revolution. There is no shortage of commentary and opinion on this dramatic period, but few have attempted to provide a coherent, in-depth, political-economic framework that explains the fundamental mechanisms behind China’s rapid industrialization. This article reviews the Embryonic Economic Development theory put forth by Wen (2016a). This article reviews the Embryonic Economic Development theory put forth by Wen . It illuminates the critical sequence of developmental stages since the reforms enacted by Deng Xiaoping in 1978: namely, small-scale commercialized agricultural production, proto-industrialization in the countryside, a formal industrial revolution based on mass production of labor-intensive light consumer goods, a sustainable ‘industrial trinity’ boom in energy/motive power/infrastructure, and a second industrial revolution involving the mass production of heavy industrial goods. This developmental sequence follows essentially the same pattern as Great Britain’s Industrial Revolution, despite sharp differences in political and institutional conditions. One of the key conclusions exemplified by China’s economic rise is that the extent of industrialization is limited by the extent of the market. One of the key strategies behind the creation and nurturing of a continually growing market in China is based on this premise: The free market is a public good that is very costly for nations to create and support. Market creation requires a powerful ‘mercantilist’ state and the correct sequence of developmental stages; China has been successfully accomplishing its industrialization through these stages, backed by measured, targeted reforms and direct participation from its central and local governments.     

综合治疗方案在中晚期宫颈癌中的应用

观察综合方案治疗中晚期宫颈癌的近远期疗效,探索这一治疗方案在中晚期宫颈癌治疗中的应用价值。     

运动康复与健康专业实践性教学研究与改革

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法等方法对西安体育学院运动康复与健康专业实践教学体系进行了深入研究与系统改革,以适应目前社会对技能型人才的需求。研究表明:临床医学课程应密切与康复治疗专业课的联系,体现专业特色;应加强校内外教学实习基地建设;重视师资培训与教材建设;应采用多媒体辅助教学手段和病案教学法提高学生分析与解决问题的能力,较早建立学生的临床思维。只有这样,才能培养出高素质的康复治疗学专门人才,满足康复医学事业和人民健康事业的要求。     

论颈椎间盘突出症患者的非手术及理疗

本文主要探讨了椎间盘病学特征、病理特征、临床分型、临床症状与表现、非手术及治疗以及康复治疗的一些实际问题。     

海宁市河道治理模式的沿革与发展

分析了海宁市河道传统治理存在的不足,探讨新时期河道治理模式及做法,提出实现新时期河流生态修复目标的措施及建议：应在满足排涝、引水等功能的同时,兼顾恢复河道生物多样性,改善河道水质,提高河道两岸的自然景观,最终实现人与自然和谐相处。