Stochastic Technology, Risk Preferences, and Adoption of Site-Specific Technologies

A model of farmer decision making is developed to determine the extent to which uncertainties about soil fertility and weather affect the value of site-specific technologies (SSTs) using jointly estimated risk and technology parameters. Uncertainty can lead risk-averse farmers to apply more fertilizers and generate more pollution than in the certainty case. Ignoring uncertainty and risk aversion would overestimate the economic and environmental benefits of SSTs and underestimate the subsidy required to induce adoption. Accounting for uncertainties and risk preferences might explain the low observed adoption rates of SSTs. Improving the accuracy of SSTs would increase the incentives for adoption.     

人才派遣与企业人力资源管理创新

人才派遣是一种全新的人才资源市场配置方式，它为企业人力资源管理创新提供了舞台。文章从用人单位的角度，分析了人才派遣的特点、运作机理；提出了在人才派遣方式下的四种人力资源管理创新方式；并就人力资源管理创新问题提出了看法。     

天生桥二级水电站监控系统上位机改造中新老远动通讯机过渡方法

贵州天生桥二级水电站计算机监控系统原先采用的上位机监控软件是基于Windows操作系统平台的iFiX工控组态软件,现地控制单元采用的是以SIEMENS S7-300 PLC为基础的智能分布式数据采集和控制装置,并通过Profibus现场总线方式连接后接入上位机。文章主要介绍了天生桥二级水电站监控系统上位机改造过程中新、老远动通讯机的过渡方法,从而保证各现地LCU由老监控系统逐步移植至新监控系统,使调度对电站相关数据的监视不受影响。     

Biofuel policies and the environment: Do climate benefits warrant increased production from biofuel feedstocks?

We examine whether climate benefits warrant policies promoting biofuel production from agricultural crops when other environmental impacts are accounted for. We develop a general economic-ecological modelling framework for integrated analysis of biofuel policies. An economic model of farmers' decision making is combined with a biophysical model predicting the effects of farming practices on crop yields and relevant environmental impacts. They include GHG emissions over the life cycle, nitrogen and phosphorus runoff, and the quality of wildlife habitats. We apply our model to crop production in Finland. We find that under current biofuel production technology the case for promotion of biofuels is not as evident as has been generally thought. Only reed canary grass for biodiesel is unambiguously desirable, whereas biodiesel from rape seed and ethanol production from wheat and barley cause in most cases negative net impacts on the environment. Suggested policies in the US and the EU tend to improve slightly the environmental performance of biofuel production.     

基于径流路径优化的校园景观海绵化 改造研究——以天津大学青年湖片区为例

校园中以硬质铺装为主的场地能够满足师生日常公 共活动需求,然而集中的不透水地面、屋面会增大场地雨洪压 力。在保证硬质下垫面功能属性的同时,实现雨洪的有效管控 是校园景观海绵化改造的核心问题之一。通过获取高精度的 场地空间数据,构建SWMM概化模型,分析不同暴雨重现期 下不同场景的径流量、峰值流量、峰现时间及不同排水口的流 量变化规律,得出基于径流路径优化的校园景观海绵化改造对 策,即以优化雨水径流路径为导向,适当组织线性GSI措施, 引导产汇流方向,降低场地中有效不透水面积(EIA),减轻场 地雨洪压力。最后结合青年湖片区的景观现状,提出以优化径 流路径为导向的系统化、立体化、适地性、可观赏的校园雨洪 管理模式,对于中小尺度公共空间海绵化改造实践具有实操价 值和指导意义。     

Uniform and Non-Uniform Second-Best Input Taxes

We investigate second-best, input-based taxes foragricultural nonpoint pollution control when marketprices are endogenous and production isheterogeneous. Theoretically, we derive the optimalforms of taxes which take account of heterogeneity(non-uniform taxes) and a tax which does not (auniform tax). Empirically, we use a multi-factor,market-equilibrium simulation model to determineoptimal tax rates and associated equity effects,particularly differences in landowner gains/lossesacross a heterogeneous region. When market prices areendogenous, second-best tax policies result inpecuniary externalities that affect existingenvironmental externalities. In particular, thepecuniary externalities amplify the effect of producerheterogeneity on determination of sub-regionaldifferences in tax rates and returns to land,particularly for the uniform policy. With endogenousprices, the uniform tax rate is considerably higherthan any of the non-uniform rates and, ironically, thenon-uniform taxes result in less dispersion oflandowner gains across sub-regions than the uniformtax.     

雨水控制利用系统径流系数影响因素及其选用方法研究

提出了对径流系数造成影响的主要因素,详述了建设工程设计过程当中径流系数的确定方法,并通过工程实例验证了在设计过程当中,采用面积加权法计算综合径流系数的可靠性。     

基于现代信息技术的应急物资动态调度研究

为了提高应急物资快速救援的时效性和安全性,提出了基于现代信息技术的应急物资动态调度研究,将虚拟仓库和GPS、GIS结合并运用到实际的调度问题中,讨论了3个技术在应急调度中的作用,介绍了系统的工作原理和流程,为实际的应急问题提供借鉴。     

路企直通运输联合调度模式研究

路局调度所是直通运输方案实施者，是路企直通运输这一新的组织模式效率和效益的源头。为促进直通运输步入有序化、正常化、规范化，需要加强联合调度模式研究，创新信息整合、流程再造、作业组织、联劳协作、调度指挥等，确保直通运输组织稳中求进，顺利实施。     

丹麦风电的未来

丹麦是世界风电行业的领跑者。介绍了丹麦大力发展风电的驱动力,描述了风电发展给电力行业以及人民生活带来的影响,阐述了风电的社会经济效益。详细论述了丹麦通过负荷经济调度、电力进出口以及上下调制电能产量从而实现了电力消费的20％来自于风能。为实现欧盟的“20—20-20”目标,电网基础设施建设、灵活的生产与消费以及智能电网方案将为可再生能源尤其是风电的发展提供坚强的平台。负荷经济调度在新的方案下是实现社会经济效益最大化的有效措施。