Demand‐side housing policy in Costa Rica: a response to the housing deficit

The purpose of this study was to establish what the housing needs of Costa Rica are and to assess what policies have been implemented to respond to their housing deficit. In order to answer these questions, a combined methodology consisting of primary and secondary data was used. Using open‐ended questions and a topic schedule, face‐to‐face interviews with Costa Rican housing authorities were conducted at the interviewee's work place in Costa Rica in May 2003. The most recent secondary data available in the country was used to compute the housing deficit and to study the effects of demographics on current housing needs. Sources of the secondary data were the Costa Rica Ministry of Housing and Human Settlements, and the National Institute of Statistics and Census. The Costa Rican government has made great progress in reforming the housing finance system in order to meet the housing demand of its citizens. In 2002, Costa Rica had a 75.6% home ownership rate. Yet, even in light of the housing system's current success, many social, economic and political barriers threaten to undermine its accomplishments and the peoples’ ability to obtain safe and affordable housing. The paper considers the strengths and weaknesses of the current housing finance system as well as the government strategies for addressing difficulties.     

旅游地阻力面理论初探--五大连池风景名胜区为例

以生态学中的阻力面理论为依托，创建了符合旅游规划需要的旅游地阻力面理论模型，构建了旅游景点、景区、旅游地、旅游区域之间联系的阻力层次体系，建立了旅游空间联系关系的影响因子系统，提出了旅游地阻力面理论在指导区域、地方及旅游区规划中的作用，并以国家级风景名胜区五大连池为例展示了旅游地阻力面理论在地方旅游开发建设实践中的现实作用。     

对福建资本市场推动"海西战略"产业发展的分析

从"海西战略"产业发展的要求出发,分析福建资本市场在"海西战略"的产业发展资金筹措、重点行业配置效率、产业转移配置效率等方面的作用与影响,得出福建资本市场对"海西"建设起到了较好的推动作用,必须大力发展福建资本市场.     

Measuring the Impact of Asymmetric Information: An Example from Energy Conservation

Asymmetric information has occupied a central role in theoretical microeconomics for almost two decades, but little has been done to ascertain when it matters in practice. The regulatory problem of promoting energy conservation offers an opportunity to ascertain if asymmetric information mattered and to what extent it altered outcomes. Regulators encouraged utilities to promote conservation, and while the regulators could observe conservation prices, they could not observe utilities' promotional efforts. A theoretical model of the regulatory asymmetric information problem yields propositions about the levels of conservation, prices and utility effort, and simulations with realistic parameters are used to determine asymmetric information's impact on these levels.     

Anxiety of dependency in international joint ventures? An empirical study of drivers and consequences of relationship insecurity

This research introduces and delineates the concept of insecurity in IJV relationships. We define relationship insecurity as a parent firm's concerns about the continuance of the alliance arrangement and its partner's future provision of need satisfaction. According to interdependence theory, exchange partners that experience high dependence inevitably experience this ‘anxiety of dependency’, and the emergence of insecurity can destabilize the working relationship from within. We develop a conceptual model of the drivers and consequences of relationship insecurity in IJVs. Our survey results from 125 IJVs indicate that focal firm dependence and partner firm dependence both negatively affect insecurity, though the former is the dominant predictor. This surprising finding implies IJV partners experience ‘anxiety of low dependency’. The results suggest insecurity not only reduces directly IJV performance, but also lowers the quality of interpartner communication, which in turn dampens performance. Implications of these results are discussed.     

基于北京理正岩土软件对边坡稳定性验算分析

人类在从事生产和建设过程中,不可避免地要对岩石圈表层进行改造,形成众多的工程边坡。边坡失稳威胁着人类的生命财产,因此边坡稳定性分析变得越来越重要,随着人类工程活动的发展,对边坡问题的研究也在不断深入。     

Facets of narcissism and leadership: A tale of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?

Research on narcissism continues to develop at a rapid pace. Yet, researchers from different disciplines are still divided over whether narcissists are good versus bad leaders. On the one hand, narcissists' bright qualities (e.g., charisma) are associated with positive outcomes at different levels of analysis from subordinates, to peers, and the organization as a whole. On the other hand, however, narcissists' dark qualities (e.g., entitlement) are associated with a number of counterproductive work behaviors, causing organizations to falter. The present article adds to and extends the traditional good-versus-bad debate about narcissistic leadership and pursues three goals: (a) to critically review the literature on narcissistic leaders and their behaviors in the workplace, (b) to provide tangible recommendations for how to best assess, select, and develop narcissistic leaders, and (c) to highlight future directions and ongoing challenges ahead in the field of narcissistic leadership.     

输送机中心轴线标定及测量精度分析

通过对带式输送机安装中心轴线标定方法进行理论分析,推导出边长和角度实测的精度相关公式,同时输送机的施工安装工艺对测量标定中心轴线提出了较高的要求,为我们提出了在实际工作中的具体做法和应注意的几个问题。     

“侧袋存放”机制在基金估值中的应用研究

对因突发事件临时停牌的股票和长期停牌的股票进行估值，可以借鉴国外对冲基金经常采用的“侧袋存放”机制。在公募基金行业中采取按允许赎回不允许申购、同时允许申购和赎回两种模式，具体实施机制各不相同。实施“侧袋存放”机制在基金持有人利益、IT系统支持、信息披露、费用计提等方面存在的一些难点。