Regional variations in entrepreneurial cognitions: Start-up intentions of university students in Spain

Empirical research has recently paid considerable attention to the role of environmental factors in explaining regional variations in entrepreneurial activity. However, cognitive models have not usually included these factors in their analyses. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify some of the environmental cognitive elements that may explain regional differences in start-up intentions. Thus, an entrepreneurial intention model is developed, theoretically based on the planned behaviour approach, institutional economic theory and social capital theory. The empirical analysis is carried out using structural equation techniques over a sample of 549 final year university students from two Spanish regions (Catalonia and Andalusia). Results confirm that valuation of entrepreneurship in each region helps explain regional differences in entrepreneurial intentions. As expected, social valuation of the entrepreneur was higher in the more developed region (Catalonia), positively affecting perceived subjective norms and behavioural control. In Andalusia, the influence of perceived valuation of the entrepreneur in the closer environment was more important, affecting attitude towards the behaviour and subjective norms. These results explain some of the differences in the pool of potential entrepreneurs in each region. They also justify the need by public-policy decision-makers to promote more positive entrepreneurial values in relatively backward regions.     

初创科技型企业生存前景的经验判别

如何判别初创科技型企业未来的生存前景是各种投资机构和理论界都极为关注的问题。运用非条件Logistic回归模型,对厦门留学人员创业园内初创企业的生存状态进行了经验判别。在12个影响因素中,发现有3个因素与初创企业的生存状况密切相关。其中,既有的销路和明确的目标市场是促进初创企业成活率提高的因素,而产品适用范围的扩大反而会降低初创企业的生存概率。     

The entrepreneur's mode of entry: Business takeover or new venture start?

We extend the well-known occupational choice model of entrepreneurship by analyzing the mode of entry. Individuals can become entrepreneurs by taking over established businesses or starting up new ventures from scratch. We argue that the new venture creation mode is associated with higher levels of schooling whereas managerial experience, new venture start-up capital requirements and industry level risk promote the takeover mode. A sample of data on entrepreneurs from The Netherlands provides broad support for these hypotheses, and also bears out a prediction that entrepreneurs whose parents run a family firm tend to invest the least in schooling. We go on to discuss the implications for researchers, entrepreneurs and public policy makers.     

Entrepreneurial resource acquisition via personal networks: an empirical study of German start-ups

This paper presents a resource-based theoretical model for an extended version of the network success hypothesis. It derives four main hypotheses for the relationships between resources obtained from personal networks of the founders and a new venture's success. The model takes into account a broad range of control variables. In the empirical study, based on a sample of 123 German entrepreneurs, we do not find much support for our hypotheses. We conclude that, quite in contrast to most existing theories, network links have close to no impact on getting cheap or exclusive resources.     

Joint effects of prior start-up experience and coping strategies on entrepreneurs’ psychological well-being

Drawing on theories from the coping and entrepreneurship literatures, we investigated the relationship between the entrepreneurs’ active and avoidance coping on psychological well-being (PWB) and the moderating role of prior start-up experience on this relationship. Data from 156 entrepreneurs indicate that the use of avoidance coping positively predicted immediate PWB for entrepreneurs with more start-up experience. Notably, this relationship was negative for entrepreneurs with less start-up experience. We also found that over the extended period, entrepreneurs who used avoidance coping had improved PWB only if they also used active coping. Theoretical and practical contributions to the entrepreneurship and coping research are discussed.     

Sectoral Differences in Plant Start-up Size in the Finnish Economy

New knowledge on the factors behind the choice of plant entry scale is important for understanding the entry process and the recruitment decisions of new plants in different sectors of the economy. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of various industry attributes on plant start-up size, measured with employment, using data on the entire Finnish business sector. The paper extends previous research by examining the differences between manufacturing and services and by using a richer set of explanatory variables. The relative importance of the covariates for different-sized entrants is taken into account by using a quantile regression approach. The results for manufacturing and services are remarkably similar. However, the findings imply that in the future analysis it is also important to consider the effect of the regional availability of educated and experienced work force on plant start-up size in these two sectors. The findings on the importance of scale economies and industry turbulence in determining start-up size correspond to the earlier studies. The results also show that single plant and multiplant entrants face a rather different entry environment. In addition, the employment share of foreign-owned entrants in the industry has to be taken into account.     

企业技术能力对产品创新的影响研究——基于创业者政治技能和创业经验的调节效应

基于资源编排理论视角探索技术能力对产品创新的影响,以及创业者政治技能和创业经验等创业能力的调节效应。以281家长三角、珠三角以及京津地区的技术型新创企业为调研对象的实证结果发现：技术能力与产品创新之间呈倒U型关系,技术能力对新创企业产品创新的影响存在一个阈值,超过这一水平,技术能力的创新收益开始下降;创业者政治技能和创业经验等创业能力对技术能力与产品创新之间的关系存在调节效应,有助于强化技术能力的创新收益。结果还表明技术能力和创业者创业能力水平是影响新创企业资源管理效率的关键要素。     

“低碳”条件下后发地区发展战略研究——以湖北省黄冈市为例

在“低碳”条件下,后发地区如何发展经济,造福一方百姓,是需要认真研究的现实问题。以湖北省黄冈市为例,提出四个转向：用“多元经济”取代单一工业发展模式;用“人口进城”取代单一GDP数字增长;用“项目招标”取代单一招商引资工作和用“就业创业”取代单一社会管理控制,用新的价值取向取代原有的社会运作模式。     

高科技创业企业社会网络的生成机理与特点分析

本文分析了社会网络的研究现状,指出从经济学与管理学的角度探讨社会网络的必要性;分析了高科技创业企业社会网络的生成机理,界定了高科技创业企业社会网络的内涵,并探讨了高科技创业企业社会网络节约交易成本、分散分摊风险、发挥网络特性等特点。